The paradigmatic order in Symbaian is:

CErg-S[1]/(O)SP-Adj./<Sub. Sentence> [Adv.]-V-(Neg.)* CI/[Ben.]/[Dt.]

*The negation adverb bák is used only with realis moods. In the irrealis moods, the adverb bakái must be used for negation.

[1] In ergative languages, the subject is patient, which is identified with the direct object of accusative languages, while the agent is the object in ergative.

The paradigmatic order, and the most grammatical, is:

IC-<Rel>-Core-DC

ζyrᾶ giltýrtas gérkαs tórαs (“the good dog of the house, who runs”)

[ζyrᾶ]IC<giltýrtas>[gérkαs]Core [tórαs]DC

Substantivated genitive: if the core is elided in an NS with a complement in genitive, it can take the endings of the core, substantive it, which allows them to be declined. This can occur either a) with a direct complement in genitive, b) with a relative or c) a pronoun in genitive. All three can also function as adjectives. d) This procedure can also be carried out with infinitives, adhering to it the endings of the neuter.

a) ζyrᾶ gérkαs (“the dog of the house”).

    ζyrᾶs (“the ones of the house l de la casa”).

    gérkαs ζyrᾶs (“the dog of the house”).

gérkαr ζyrᾶr tárzañk elatágira (“the dog of the house eats meat”).

b) giltýrtas gérkαs (“the dog that runs”).

giltyrtásαs (“the ones that runs”).

gérkαs giltýrtasαs (“the dog that runs”).

gérkαr giltýrtasαr tárzañk elatágira (“the dog that runs eats meat”).

c) ón gérkαs (“my dog”).

ónαs (“mine”).

gérkαs ónαs (“the dog mine”).

gérkαr ónαr tárzañk elatágira (“the dog mine eats meat”).

d) elagísamo (“eating”).

elagisámω (“eating”).

tárzañk elagisámω (“eating meat”).

elagisamῆ xólω (“the way meat is eaten”).

   elagirῆ xólω (“the way to eat meat”).

The order of the postpositional syntagme is

[Term] Postp.

gradariéktαζ řax (“across the seas”)

[gradariéktαζ]Term řax

Independents

The coordinating conjunction is located after the core of the second term. b) If both coordinates are a noun syntagme and the core is in the same case, the core of the first term can elide its declension.

In the case of coordination with pa (which is postclitic) c) if more than two elements are coordinated, the third coordination will be closed with pat. d) When there are four coordinates, the pa is placed before the second core and the pat before the fourth. d) In subordinate clauses, when the main verbal cores within it agree, the mark is moved back one core. e) This also happens with the conjunction zok, zot.

a) gérkαs seraᾶs pa (“the dog and the cat”)

b) gérkαs seraᾶs pa φnηzrᾶs (“the dog, the cat ant the bird”)

c) gérkαs seraᾶs pa φnὴzrαs katoᾶs pat (“the dog, the cat, the bird and the fish”).

d) giltýrtas pa elatágiras gérkαs (“the dog that runs and eats”).

giltýrtas pa elatágiras pat gařátagis gérkαs (“the dog that walks, eats and barks”).

e) gérkαs seraᾶs zot φnὴzrαs katoᾶs zok (“or the dog, or the cat, or the bird or the fish”).

Subordinates

Subordination in Symbaian can be introduced in two ways: syntactically, a) through a conjunction, or b) morphologically, through a subordinating suffix in the verbal core. In the case of the syntactic form, the conjunction or adverb usually comes after the first element of the subordinate clause.

gérkαr tárzañk elatáberat (“because the dog ate meat”)

gérkαr kónme tárzañk elatábera (“because the dog ate meat”)

Completives

For the completives there are two suffixes: a) one for the completives of the absolutive subject and appositions of the subject (-n) and b) another for the complement of the ergative (-k). These agree with the neutral. If the subject of the absolutive is from a verb of volition, doubt, question, the verb of the subordinate will be in the subjunctive. If it is a real proposition, it will be in the indicative. Completives can also be constructed with an infinitive. These can be done both c) with these endings and b) with substantive infinitives.

a) gérkαr tárzañk elatáberan kotóř (“I said the dog ate meat”)

b) gérkαr tárzañk elatáberak yφzárbero (“I was surprised that the dog ate meat”)

c) gérkαr tárzañk elagísamen nyrtóř (“I want the dog to eat meat”)

gérkαr tárzañk elagísañk yφzárgiro (“that the dog eats meat surprises me”)

d) gérkαr tárzañk elagisámω nyrtóř (“I want the dog to eat meat”)

gérkαr tárzañk elagisámωr yφzárgiro (“that the dog eats meat surprises me”)

Relatives

Relatives can be formed in two ways. a) Only with the subordinating suffix or b) with a relative pronoun, together with the subordinating suffix. In the first case, most of the time, the pronoun is unnecessary when in the relative it fulfills the function of subject or ergative or indirect complement, since the agreement with the antecedent can be seen in the verb.

gérkαr elatáberas tárzαs (“The meat that the dog ate”).

gérkαr más elatáberas tárzαs (“The meat that the dog ate”).

The endings and subordinating conjunctions are:

Of relatives, -(a)s[1]

Of causal adverbial, -(a)t[2] and kónme

Of modal adverbial, -(a)v[3]

Of conditional adverbial, -(i)l[4] and lýme

Of concessive adverbial, -(a)dé and týme

Of final adverbial, -(a)x[5]

Of posterior temporal adverbial (of the main, “before x”), -(a)tzi

Of anterior temporal adverbial (of the main, “after x”), -(a)k[6]

Of temporal adverbial simultaneous (of the main), -(a)n[7]

Of temporal adverbial ablative (“since”), -dý

Of temporal adverbial terminative (“until”), -(a)kt[8][9]

Of subject completive, subjective predicative or appositional, -(a)n[10]

Of completive of ergative, predicative of ergative or appositional, -(a)k[11]

Of subject completive with “if” [12], ylôys

Particle of partial interrogatives, nyn[13]

Particle of total interrogatives, nak[14]

[1] The epenthesis in Thargathian -s(a)

[2] The epenthesis in Thargathian -t(a)

[3] The epenthesis in Thargathian -v(a)

[4] The epenthesis in Thargathian -v(i)

[5] The epenthesis in Thargathian -x(a)

[6] The epenthesis in Thargathian -k(a)

[7] The epenthesis in Thargathian -n(a)

[8] The epenthesis in Thargathian -kt(a)

[9] The nuclear verb of ablative and terminative temporal adverbials will always be oxytone.

[10] The epenthesis in Thargathian -n(a)

[11] The epenthesis in Thargathian -k(a)

[12] The conjunction ylóys is equivalent to the “if” of the completives: “I would like to know if…” It is placed before the nuclear verb, with a relative (not after it so as not to clash with the coordinating conjunctions).

[13] It is enclitic and has a partitive value: for example: gádax nyn (ezté) (“What person was it?” or “Who was it?”)

[14] It is postverbal enclitic and comes before the conjunction pa or the adverb bák. 

Symbaian is an ergative language, so the inverse voice that is historically characteristic of it is the antipassive, in which the agentive subject is in the absolutive. This can be constructed in three ways: b) through a morphologically inflected verb in an antipassive voice, c) with an antipassive participle or d) with a periphrasis of a copulative and an antipassive participle. The passive complement is marked with instrumental.

a) gérkαr tárzañk elatágira (“The dog eats meat”)

b) gérkαs elatá tárzaz (“the dog is the meat eater”)

c) gérkαs tárzaz elapékαs eitá (“the dog is the meat eater”)

d) gérkαs tárzaz elapékαs (“the dog is the meat eater”)

Due to the influence of Tharcaian, which is an accusative language, the Thargathian dialect, close to the border with Tharcay, has developed a passive structure, which is constructed with the 'active' participle and an agent complement, introduced by the postposition ys (from the Tharcaian preposition us). b) When is an agent complement, the postposition governs the genitive case. c) When it is a complement of cause, it rules ablative.

a) tárzαs gerkᾶ ys elagipémαs eitá (“the meat is eaten by the dog”)

b) tárzαs gerkᾶ ys elagipémαs (“the meat is eaten by the dog”)

c) tárzαs drómαζ ys fernagipémαs eitá (“the meat is burned by fire”)