-Early Vermaric or archaic plural: This type of plural corresponds to the endings of the number -yzos/n, -íazos/n, -ektos/n, -zos/n from Vermaric. In this proto-language, the number was constructed from the morphemes -Ø- for the singular, -tʰ- for the plural, -l- for the dual, -nk- for the trial, -saet- for the paucal and -vʰ- for the collective (the paucal and the collective have fallen into Symbainic-Eloduian, but the latter remains in collective nouns, that took the ending *-aja: zárvas sb., darfee elod.). These endings were attached to the stem before the case endings. In the absolutive case, the ending -os/-on (formed by the particles os and on, which were divided into the case morpheme -o- and the gender morphemes -s for animate and -n for neuter) was adhered. In Vermaric, nouns with roots ending in -u or u̯ were also common (cf. lympíky-zos sb.; lomeko elod.; l̩begbu<l̩beku-u cl.; rupəkфus<rupəkw-зus pb.; oldgu dm.; ork, orkude gnm.; ailogu xl.; ulugo ts.; ńpkõ gm.; lanky foj.; lm̩kǔ fef.; lękǒ qnz.; ąhχjů jn.; ehkio mk.; ənбciu gsh.; anθju tsh.; əmkiy zr.; ongio hc.; mobýki gj.; mubíkwu pj.; mubáikuy csh.; ŗabvu bch.; rabdvo sfr.; łattvu yd.; uetuvug tlc.; vittvug dmb.; fatbug prt.; wattwy str.), -ja (cf. miysilía-zos sb.; mousile elod.; miusəǧeu cl.; musərǧa-зus pb.; mosalε dm.; mosarje gnm.; igarneka xl. erg.; egarneka ts. erg.; maisolie xl.; musəlǧi ts.; bюsveaáelџe gm.; viysøyliœ foj.; фǔsǒlö fef.; ęφǒsəlę qnz.; hjůhejлj̈e jn.; iuhilia mk.; бÿгæǰtulǰæ gsh.; fygaidulai tsh.; byχehsylhe zr.; boketoli hc.; ošosállə gj.; uǰosáeлo pj.; ujysáilo csh.; bюšrю bch.; bysρy sfr.; бůšrů yd.; hys tlc.; haus dmb.; hus prt.; fyfry str.). and -ek (cf. kalágek-ton sb.; geiloge elod.; kalagekom cl.; kargekun pb.; golgiг dm.; gorkek gnm.; kelégik gm. .; ekœlœne foj.; ökölönön foj.; ękąląnęџ qnz.; agŗaχ jn.; eglak mk.; əgrək gsh.; agrak tsh.; əgrək zr.; ogrok hc.; čalágæk gj.; kalágek pj.; kalágɛk csh.; otaurgiθus bch.; otr̩giečoθ sfr.; turugizoz yd.; turgetu tlc.; targidu dmb.; torgito prt.; tougiastn̩ str.). On the other hand, those that did not have this radical ending also received the endings of number and case on the root (sorgán-s, sorgán-zos), so in Classical Symbaian, the encounter between consonants gave rise to phonological processes (kráms, krándos<krámz os; lâiζ<lajd os, lâiδos<lajdz os). These endings were maintained in Symbainic-Claebajarcic and Archaic Symbaian, but in Classical Symbaian they fell into the singular, maintaining these as number endings for the plural, dual and trial. Similarly, in the singular the absolutive morpheme -o- disappeared along with the neuter morpheme -n, maintaining the morpheme -s for the animate genders (unspecified, masculine and feminine): lýmpix<*lympíkyos, lympíkyzos, lympíkylos, lympíkygños. In Symbainic-Claebajarcic, the binary gender of Vermaric (animated-neuter) gave rise to the quaternary gender (unspecified, masculine, feminine and neuter) and these endings were associated with each of these according to the association of the majority of the nouns that had such endings to each gender respectively, while the nouns that did not present any of these three endings were generally associated with the unspecified: thus the endings *-os for unspecified, *-uos for masculine, *-jaos for feminine and *-ekon for the neuter. This means, for example, that the vast majority of nouns ending in *-u were assigned the masculine gender (Cf. Archaic Symbaian, lumpiku os, majvru os), although this was not always the case (Cf. Archaic Symbaian, lāu os f., erφareu on n., skivaja os ine.). In turn, these became agreement endings for the adjectives, which adhered to the numeral stem, that is, after the number morpheme and before the case morpheme: *máltekos, *maltékuos, *maltékiaos, *maltékekon pl.; *maltékzuos, *maltékziaos, *máltekzos, *maltékekzon pl. The particles os and on underwent lengthening in Archaic Symbaian to indicate determination, resulting in two pairs of particles: os, ōs and on, ōn. These contracted with the endings -u and -a, resulting in the pairs of endings -us, -ūs, for the masculine, and -jas, ās, for the feminine. Thus, it is these endings that gave rise to the nominal-adjectival endings -os/-ωs, -ys/-oys, -as/-αs, -o/-ω of Classical Symbaian. In the case of the unspecified, given the lack of an ending that functioned as a gender mark, the -o- of the absolutive morpheme was associated with this gender; in the case of the neuter, the ending -ek- fell (remaining, however, as a stem ending) together with the morpheme -n, so, as in the unspecified, the -o- of the absolutive became an ending of neuter gender, which differed from the unspecified one in that it maintained the animate -s morpheme. In the case of the feminine, as the vowel group /ja/ was identified at the long degree of α, the indeterminate ending took the short degree, that is, a. The determined forms were formed from the lengthening of these endings. Thus, the endings were as follows:

lýmpix<lýmpik-Ø-s, lympíkoys

lympíkyzos, lympikyzôys<lympik-yz-ôy-os

máltos, maltéktωs<malték-z-o-os,

máltys, maltéktois<malték-z-y-os,

máltas, maltéktois<malték-z-a-os,

málto, maltéktωn<malték-z-o-on,

-Late Vermaric or apophonic plural: This type of plural that developed in late Vermaric, probably due to the introduction of nouns and adjectives from another language that had these plurals. It consists of the change of degree and timbre of the radical vowel to indicate the different features of number, the singular being the short degree, the plural the elongated degree and the dual and the trial degrees of change of timbre (gíls sg., gῆls pl ., góls dl., gáls tl.). This plural was later than the archaic one, so few adjectives and nouns in Symbaian maintain it, in addition to the fact that it completely disappeared in Classical Eloduian.

In a, ai (sg.), α (pl.), y (dl.), o (tl.)

In e, ei, i (sg.), η (pl.), o (dl.), a (tl.)

In o, oi, y (sg.), ω (pl.), y (dl.), a (tl.)

-Symbainic ending or idrapic plural: This type of plural corresponds to the endings -Ø, -i, -α, -ω. It was developed in late Symbainic-Eloduian and consists of adhering said endings to the particles os, on, which produced a metathesis of the groups osi and oni into *-oïs and *-oïn sometime between Archaic Symbaian and Classical Symbaian, although with a hiatus (cf. spynokaï oni>*spynokaioïn>*spynokaïi>spynokáie), of the nouns and adjectives then newly produced. This is the only productive plural during Classical Symbaian (except for derivatives of nouns that had the previous plurals) and it disappeared completely in Classical Eloduian (See note 1 of the Archaic Eloduian testimonies in Tizphulighot's Commentary, appended to the Rupaquarc Poem).

VERMARIC PLURAL ENDINGS

PERSONALS

INTERROGATIVES

They are built with a relative.

Interrogatives can also be constructed using the enclitic interrogative particles nyk and -nak. The first is positioned behind the declined question focus in partials and the second, behind the core verb or subject in totals. For example:

Ergôys torôys eztýnak, Ergôysnak torôys ("is God good?")

gádax nyn ezté ("¿What person is he?"

or "Who is?")

paraᾶζ nyn gératat ("What land do you come

from?")

RELATIVES

By losing the *(e) of its root, the Vermaric relative mós takes the idrapic plural endings, except in the Dutorian dialects, which, not having as much contact with Parthegar, developed a plural that maintains the Vermaric plural with vocalization of the nasal in a nasal a, which influences the z of the plural and the g of the trial. For example, in the masculine absolutive:

mêis (pl. ft.; <*m-ý-i-s)

anâi (pl. dt.; [ã.'nai̯].; <*m̩-z-ý-a)

mᾶs (dl. ft.; <*m-ý-α-s);

alâi (dl. dt.; [ã.'lai̯].; <*m̩-l-ý-a)

mῶs (tl. ft.; <*m-ý-ω-s);

aññâi (tl. dt.; [ã.'ŋ:ai̯].; <*m̩-gñ-ý-a)

REFLEXIVE AND RECIPROCAL