NOMINAL SYNTAGME

The noun syntagme order in Archaic Symbian is

[[IC] core (os/on) [CD]]

ABSOLUTIVE PARTICLES

The Vermaric particles os and on are placed immediately after the core in the absolutive case. When the syntagme is definite, the vowel of the particle is lengthened: os, on (indefinite) ōs, ōn (definite). When the definite particle meets a core ending in -u or -ja, it contracts with the ending:

-u ōs/ōn>ūs/ūn

-ja ōs/ōn>ās/ān

These particles can also be used to construct copulative clauses without a verb a) and substantivated genitives b) or relative c).

a) zarr ōs aldek ōs (ezt) ("the dog is pretty")

b) pymukē zarr ōs ("the child's dog")

pymukē ōs ("the child's one")

c) pymurk zarr ōs bokter ("the child has the dog")

pymurk bokter ōs ("the one the child has")

THE ANTIPASSIVE VOICE

Archaic Symbaian has three voices: the passive (the unmarked voice), the middle voice, and the antipassive voice. The antipassive voice can have a passive complement, which is realized in the instrumental case.

lumpikurk oksau ōs elategejr ("The wolf eats the sheep")

lumpiku ōs elategej oksaejz ("The wolf is the devourer of the sheep")