ScienceDaily
VAD model (Charles Osgood, 1950):
Valence (positive vs negative)
Arousal (excited vs calm)
Dominance (controlling vs submissive)
GPDAS model (Peter Dodds, Chris Danforth, University of Vermont - DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adr4039):
Power (weak vs powerful)
GA (gentle vs aggressive)
DS (safe vs dangerous)
Structure (ordered vs chaotic)
Keywords: ousiometrics osgood language
October 25, 2026