Keyword
Peak inspiratory pressure(PIP) & Plateau pressure(PP)
Definition
Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP)
- Highest circuit pressure during an inspiratory cycle.
- Indication of dynamic compliance
Plateau pressure (PP)
- The pressure measured during an inspiratory pause (a time of no gas flow)
- Mirrors static compliance
Normal ventilation : PIP >= PP
Causes of increased PIP & PP
Increased PIP and PP
- Increased TV
- Decreased pul. compliance
(pul.edema, trendelenburg, pul.congestion, ascites, abdominal packing, peritoneal gas insufflation, tension pneumothorax, endobronchial intubation)
Increased PIP and unchanged PP
- Increased inspiratory gas flow rate
- Increased airway resistance
(kinked tube, bronchospasm, secretions, foreign body aspiration, airway compression, tube cuff herniation)
Further readings
Morgan and Mikhail's Clinical Anesthesiology, 5th edition, P.77 Pressure & Volume Monitoring
Reference
Morgan and Mikhail's Clinical Anesthesiology, 5th edition, P.77-79