Keyword
Esophageal stethoscope
Indication & Techniques
Temprature, clear breath, heart sound monitoring - 최근 pulse oximetry, capnography의 routine use로 활용도가 떨어졌으나
OP field가 가깝거나(Remote location으로 monitoring가능) 신체면적이 작아 청진이 힘든 소아에서 활용가능
The esophageal stethoscope is a soft plastic catheter(8-24F) with balloon-covered distal openings
The quality of breath and heart sounds precordial stethoscope보다 좋음
Only general anesthesia 에서만 사용가능
Temperature probes, ECG leads, ultrasound probes, atrial pacemaker 등 incorporate가능
Contraindication
Instrumentation of the esophagus (esophageal varices or strictures)
드물지만 esophageal trauma or trachea compression으로 인한 hypoxemia, trachea insertion으로 air leakage발생 가능
Reference
Miller’s anesthesia 8th Ed. Ch 45. Cardiovascular monitoring, p.1346
Morgan and Mikhail's Clinical Anesthesiology, 5th edition, Ch.6 Noncardiovascular monitoring p.123-124