Keyword
Return of consciousness
Phases of Emergence
- General anesthesia
- 마취약제의 안정적 투여
- Unresponsive; eyes closed, with reactive pupils
- Analgesia, akinesia
- Drug-controlled blood pressure and heart rate, mechanically controlled ventilation
- EEG patterns ranging from delta and alpha activity to burst suppression
- Phase 1
- 마취 약제 중단
- Reversal of peripheral-muscle relaxation (akinesis)
- Apnea -> irregular breathing -> regular breathing으로 변화
- Increased alpha and beta activity on EEG
- Phase 2
- HR, BP 증가. painful stimulation에 반응
- Return of autonomic responsiveness
- Salivation , Tearing , Grimacing, Swallowing, gagging, coughing
- 상, 하지 muscle tone의 return
- Defensive posturing (reaching for the endotracheal tube)
- Further increase in alpha and beta activity on EEG
- Extubation possible
- Phase3
- Eye opening
- Responses to some oral commands
- Awake patterns on EEG
- Extubation possible
Reference
Miller’s Anesthesia, 8th edition, Ch.19, P.1532 - 1533