13
Daressy #: 116
Owner: Nentawaeref (tomb undiscovered, perhaps at Khokhah)
Reasons: --
Transliteration: jmAxy xr Asjr Xrd n kAp jmj-rA wabw n jmn nn-tA-wA-r=f mAa-xrw
Translation: Revered one before Osiris, child of the kap, overseer of the wab-priests of Amun, Nentawaeref justified.
Date: --
Length: --
Colours: There are traces of red under white (01-024 in Davies's notebook).
Findspots:
One from TT 201 (01-024 in Davies's notebook, 03-079 in Macadam's Red file).
Two from near TT 253 (Strudwick and Strudwick 1996: 105, 155).
Unknown examples from TT 257 (Mostafa 1995: 79).
11 from TT 47 area (Kondo 2021: 123).
Remarks:
Egyptologists have long established a connection between this cone and tomb TT 398 (Manniche 1988a: 11; Kampp 1996: 608; Strudwick and Strudwick 1996: 3, 16, 105, 113, and 155; Depauw 1997: 217 n. 3; Kondo 1998: 40; Vivó 2002: 26; Kondo et al. 2015: 32). This connection is primarily based on the identical names and titles attributed to the owners of the cone and the tomb. Additionally, a stelophorous statue of Nentawaeref at Boston (MFA: 1986.747), discovered at or near TT 398, further strengthens this association. The statue, with the owner's title as 'Xrd n kAp jmj-rA wabw [n jmn?],' clearly belongs to the owner of cone # 13 (Collins 1976 [JEA 62]: 33).
However, there are significant discrepancies that challenge this connection. The inscription style of cone # 13 differs markedly from cones # 118 and # 119, both of which are definitively linked to TT 398. Notably, cone # 13 appears to have been intended for a tomb in the Khokhah area, as indicated by its Findspots above. Examples of cone # 13 have been found densely distributed far from TT 398. Yet, no Khokhah tombs with funerary cones are known from the period when TT 398 was likely constructed.
The Boston statue of Nentawaeref also complicates the narrative. It does not mention an alternate name, Kamose, which is associated with cones # 118 and # 119. Similarly, Kamose, the owner of cones # 118 and # 119, does not bear the title jmj-rA wabw. Stylistically, the Boston statue has been dated to the reign of Amenhotep II, based on its facial features (Brovarski 1988), or alternatively to the reign of Amenhotep III (Berteaux 2005: 88 n. 612; 348). Furthermore, according to Bernhauer and Seyr's chronological study of stelophorous statues, the Boston statue falls into type S.I. The S.I type emerged during the reigns of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III in the New Kingdom (Bernhauer and Seyr 2023: 52). This type did not exist—or at most was extremely rare—during the reign of Thutmose I, when TT 398 is believed to have been constructed. Furthermore, the word 'Osiris' does not appear in inscriptions on cones until after the reign of Hatshepsut, becoming increasingly common throughout the latter part of the 18th Dynasty (Zenihiro 2023: 690 and 695).
These discrepancies strongly suggest that the owner of cone # 13 was not the same individual as the owner of cones # 118 and # 119. My own research further supports this conclusion. In the early 18th Dynasty, funerary cones often omitted references to deities, as seen with cones # 118 and # 119. Over time, however, such cones began to include the names of gods, reflecting a gradual shift toward a more explicitly funerary purpose (Zenihiro 2023: 690 and 695). Based on this trend, cone # 13 is likely dated to the middle or later 18th Dynasty.Dewachter thought that the owner was one and the same person, not only with those of # 118, and # 119, but also with that of # 207 (Dewachter 1984 [RdE 35]: 86-87). However, as I stated above, the owner of our cone was different from those of # 118, # 119, and # 207, although I think the three cones have the same owner. See the 'Remarks' section of # 207 for further details.
See also 05-092 & 093 in Macadam's DALEX file 1, and 06-041, 042, 088, 089, & 090 in his DALEX file 2.