119

Daressy #: --

Owner: TT 398 Kamose

Reasons: From the inscriptional resemblance to # 118.

Transliteration: Xrd n kAp kA-ms Dd.n=f nn-tA-wA-r=f mAa-xrw

Translation: Child of the kap, Kamose, called Nentawaeref justified.

Date: T. I (Vivó 2022: 388).

Length: --

Colours: Red (Pellegrini 1902: 150); Red face (01-044 in Davies's notebook).

Findspots: --

Remarks: 

• The ascribed owner is identical to that of # 118.

• The inscription on both cones, # 118 and # 119, is almost identical, as is the size and the design. It can be concluded that the maker of the two cones is the same, and that they were created at the same time. However, the reason for the need for two almost identical cones remains unclear. This is a matter for further investigation.

• Davies once possessed a brick (01-044 in Davies's notebook and 03-053 in Macadam's Red file).

• Egyptologists have long established a connection between this cone and # 13 (Manniche 1988a: 11; Kampp 1996: 608; Strudwick and Strudwick 1996: 3, 16, 105, 113, and 155; Depauw 1997: 217 n. 3; Kondo 1998: 40; Vivó 2002: 26; Kondo et al. 2015: 32). This connection is primarily based on the identical names and titles attributed to the owners of these two cones. Additionally, a stelophorous statue of Nentawaeref at Boston (MFA: 1986.747), discovered at or near TT 398, further strengthens this association. The statue, with the owner's title as 'Xrd n kAp jmj-rA wabw [n jmn?],' clearly belongs to the owner of cone # 13 (Collins 1976 [JEA 62]: 33).
  However, there are significant discrepancies that challenge this connection. The inscription style of cone # 13 differs markedly from cones # 118 and # 119, both of which are definitively linked to TT 398. Notably, cone # 13 appears to have been intended for a tomb in the Khokhah area, as indicated in its Findspots section. Examples of cone # 13 have been found densely distributed far from TT 398. Yet, no Khokhah tombs with funerary cones are known from the period when TT 398 was likely constructed.
  The Boston statue of Nentawaeref also complicates the narrative. It does not mention an alternate name, Kamose, which is associated with cones # 118 and # 119. Similarly, Kamose, the owner of cones # 118 and # 119, does not bear the title jmj-rA wabw. Stylistically, the Boston statue has been dated to the reign of Amenhotep II, based on its facial features (Brovarski 1988), or alternatively to the reign of Amenhotep III (Berteaux 2005: 88 n. 612; 348). Furthermore, according to Bernhauer and Seyr's chronological study of stelophorous statues, the Boston statue falls into type S.I. The S.I type emerged during the reigns of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III in the New Kingdom (Bernhauer and Seyr 2023: 52). This type did not exist—or at most was extremely rare—during the reign of Thutmose I, when TT 398 is believed to have been constructed. Furthermore, the word 'Osiris' does not appear in inscriptions on cones until after the reign of Hatshepsut, becoming increasingly common throughout the latter part of the 18th Dynasty (Zenihiro 2023: 690 and 695).
  These discrepancies strongly suggest that the owner of cone # 13 was not the same individual as the owner of cones # 118 and # 119. My own research further supports this conclusion. In the early 18th Dynasty, funerary cones often omitted references to deities, as seen with cones # 118 and # 119. Over time, however, such cones began to include the names of gods, reflecting a gradual shift toward a more explicitly funerary purpose (Zenihiro 2023: 690 and 695). Based on this trend, cone # 13 is likely dated to the middle or later 18th Dynasty.

• Kees and Dewachter thought that the owner was the same person as that of # 207 (Kees 1953: 21; Kees 1958: 8; Dewachter 1984 [RdE 35]: 86-87), and I think he is right, as I wrote in the 'Remarks' section of  # 207. Kamose (Kemis) was the father of TT 397 Nakht (see CG 34048. Lacau 1909: 82-84).

• See also 05-092, 093, & 135 in his DALEX file 1 and 06-088, 089, & 090 in his DALEX file 2.

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