Periodic Table*
the Periodic Table
http://www.syngentaperiodictable.co.uk
to print out a good one http://elements.wlonk.com/Elements_Pics_11x8.5.pdf
classification of elements into metals and non-metals
examples of metallic elements and their symbols: copper, zinc, aluminium, iron, silver and gold
OC3 understand what an element is and recall that all known elements are listed in the Periodic Table;
An Element is a pure material made from only 1 type of atom.
94 of the elements are found in nature. A further 23 have been artificially created in laboratories, giving a total of 117.
Elements.
An each particle in an element, is the same type of atom. They can be idenitified as being the same type of atom because they each have the same number of protons, neutrons and electrons (usually)
All Elements are listed in the Periodic Table
1869 Dmtri Mendeleev publishes his periodic table
an interactive periodic table here .... http://www.ptable.com/
notice how it deals with the Lacthoide and Actinoid series !
All the elements in the periodic table can be put into 1 of 2 groups,
Metals or Non-Metals.
OC8 & OC9
recall the symbols of the elements
Cu, Zn, Al, Fe, Ag, Au, C, O, S, H and N
Following a link we can see a periodic table with the Standard Temperature and Pressure division line between Metals and Non-Metals
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Periodic_table-metals.svg
The staircase line dividing the 2 sections is well quoted, however this is not a steadfast rule though, at high enough pressures Non-Metals show the properties of Metals.
Many of the metals in the world were found in ancient times, and so we use their latin names where they exist for many of the metals.
Cu = cuprum = Copper
Ag = Argentum = Silver
(think what is money in the
Irish or French languages)
Au = aurum, "shining dawn" = Gold
Fe = ferrum = Iron
Hg = hydrargyrum = Mercury
Some metals were not identified when Latin was the most important language, Zinc (Zn) was only found in a very pure form in 1746,
Aluminium (Al) is the most abundant metal in the earth's surface.
The Periodic table is organised because of the way the atoms organise themselves
Periodic Order
*Why is it called the periodic table http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa/atomic/atomstrucrev5.shtml
New Element 112
Prepared to be bored
Group 8 or Group 0: The Noble Gases (Inert Gases)
The name makes an analogy to the term "noble metals", which also have low reactivity
• Examples are ………………………………………………………….
• Outer shells are _____.
• _____ reactive.
Inert means they do not react with anything. Why don't they ??
This Group of gases all have full outer shells. They have no need to react as they are happy to have the shell full and do not want to begin filling another shell.
stability associated with noble gas electronic configuration
as a guide for simple bonding
stability associated with noble gas electronic configuration
The reason the Nobel gases went so long without being discovered comes mainly from their unwillingness to react with other element.
The reason for this unwillingness to react with other elements is because their shells are full.
This means they do not want to lose or gain electrons.
All elements react in order to obtain a full outer shell.
Group 1: The Alkali Metals
These are the elements in the 1st column on the Periodic Table
Examples are …………………………………………………………………
Draw a Bohr diagram of Lithium, Sodium and Potassium.
• They are all metals
• Have __ electron in their outer shell.
• All want to lose __ electron in order to have a full outer shell.
• Become _____ reactive as you go down the group.
Physical Properties Chemical Properties
- React with water to form a base (alkali)
Sodium + water → sodium hydroxide + hydrogen gas
• React with oxygen to for alkaline oxides.
Sodium + oxygen → sodium oxide
To examine the properties of Alkali metals go here
Group 2: The Alkaline Earth Metals
• Examples are …………………………………………………………….
• Each element has __ electrons in its outer shell.
• _____ reactive than the alkali metals (group 1).
To examine the properties of Alkaline Earth metals
Group 7: The Halogens
• Examples are ……………………………………………………………
• Have __ electrons in their outer shell.
• They all want to _____ __ electron.
• Become ____ reactive as you go down the group.
Now go check your score on this topic at
http://www.sciencequiz.net/jcscience/jcchemistry/periodtable/ptable1a.htm
All elements react in order to obtain a full outer shell.
These elements are said to be 'bonded' to the other element.
There are 2 types of bonding
Ionic & Covalent
as a guide for simple bonding
the elements