Characteristics of notes

Amplitude and loudness,

Amplitude can be considered to be the maximum change in position of a particle in the medium

The Amplitude of any wave decreases as the distance from the source increases,

Standing beside a speaker in a concert can be too loud (intense)

the further from the speaker the less intense the sound becomes.

Amplitude is more often referred to as Loudness, Loudness can be considered to be the power of a sound wave that vibrates the workings of the inner ear. This energy drops off over distance from the source, and can be called intensity with the Power being the total sound power output from the speaker.

for more on Intensity

We can define intensity by

frequency and pitch,

pitch is the musical term for frequency

Overtones and Harmonics

Frequencies that are multiples of the primary frequency

1st Overtone = 2 x fundamental frequency

2nd Overtone =

overtones: Helmholtz used the German word "oberton" which literally means "upper tone". Somewhere along the line "oberton" was transliterated into "over tone" which became overtone in English. The literal German equivalent of "over tone" would be "überton".

really good explanation of the idea here....

http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2011/04/27/3201318.htm

Quality

Quality is often call timbre, but again more often in musical speak. In simple terms, timbre is what makes a particular musical sound have a different sound from another, even when they have the same pitch and loudness.

Frequency limits of audibility.

Huia cavitympanum, is the only known frog species that can communicate using purely ultrasonic calls, whose frequencies are too high to be heard by humans. The frog lives only on the Southeast Asian island of Borneo.

Ultrasounds are high-pitched sounds more than 20 kilohertz (kHz) in frequency, which exceeds the upper limit of sounds detectable by humans and is far higher than the 5 to 8 kHz frequencies most amphibians, reptiles and birds are capable of hearing or producing.

Key parts of the ear must be specially adapted to detect ultrasounds. The frogs can hear sounds up to 38 kilohertz, the highest frequency any amphibian species has been known to hear.

Humans can hear up to about 20 kHz and typically talk at 2 or 3 kHz.

While most of the more than 5,000 frog species worldwide have eardrums that are flat on the side of the head, Huia cavitympanum has eardrums recessed in the side of the skull, similar to mammals.

from physics.slss.ie

And you should check out this site that has a similar test on it

http://theoatmeal.com/quizzes/sound/

if you do go to this site click on random cartoon link ..... can be good / can also disappoint

Dog whistle.