It is distributed throughout Southeast Asia, ranging from Burma, Indochina, Thailand, Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, and Java. The people of Indonesia have long known it as a spice leaf used in archipelagic cuisine. This plant has properties as a traditional medicine. Its wood can be utilized for making furniture.

It grows from the lowlands to the mountains at an altitude of up to 1,800 m above sea level (m.a.s.l.), with air temperatures of 25–30  

∘

 C. It prefers sandy-clay structured soil with a pH of approximately 5.5–6.5. It is found growing wild in primary and secondary forests.

• Root (Akar) Taproot shaped like a spear, tapering towards the tip.

• Stem (Batang) The bark is grayish-brown, cracked or scaly.

• Leaves (Daun) Simple (single), opposite arrangement. The leaf blade is narrowly oval, glabrous (hairless) with secondary leaf veins.

• Flower (Bunga) Small, appearing beneath the leaf axils, fragrant, the calyx is cup-shaped.

• Fruit (Buah) Round shape, crowned by the calyx segments, turning red to purplish-black when ripe.

• Propagation is done generatively (seeds) and vegetatively (cuttings), originating from superior plants.

• Generative: Seeds that have been sown are planted in the field after the seedlings are 6–7 months old.

• Vegetative (Cuttings): Done by cutting productive branches that have a minimum of 3 twigs, 20–25 cm long, then planting them in a polybag.

Treats gout, diabetes, gastric inflammation, heart issues, and anxiety. Treats rashes (hives), diarrhea, rheumatism. Lowers cholesterol and blood pressure. Improves blood circulation. Antibacterial activity.

Flavonoids (e.g., quercetin), Tannins, Alkaloids, Essential Oils (responsible for its aroma and antibacterial properties) Polyphenols