Rosemary is native to Albania, Algeria, the Balearic Islands, Corsica, Cyprus, the East Aegean Islands, Egypt, France, Greece, Italy, Libya, Morocco, Portugal, Sardinia, Sicily, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, and Yugoslavia. Rosemary is typically used as an ornamental plant in gardens. Its leaves are used to flavor various foods, such as stuffing and roasted meats. Rosemary oil is used for body fragrance or to scent rooms. Rosemary is also burned as incense and used in shampoos and cleaning products. In folklore and customs, the plant or its oil has been used in traditional medicine with the belief that it may have medicinal effects. Rosemary was also considered sacred to the ancient Egyptians, Romans, and Greeks.

Rosemary is considered an easy-to-grow and pest-resistant plant. It can grow quite large and maintain its appeal for many years, can be pruned into formal shapes and low hedges, and has been used for topiary. The plant is easily grown in pots. Groundcover cultivars are widespread, with a dense and durable texture. Rosemary grows in well-drained clay soil in open and sunny locations. It will not tolerate waterlogging, and some varieties are susceptible to frost. The ideal temperature for rosemary cultivation ranges between 55 to 80  

∘

 F (13–27  

∘

 C). Ideal rainfall is about 1,000–2,000 mm per year, with dry and hot summers and cool winters. Rosemary can also grow in highlands and lowlands. It grows best in neutral to alkaline conditions (pH 7–7.8) with average fertility.

• Root (Akar) Has a fibrous root system.

• Stem (Batang) New stems are herbaceous, while older stems become woody over time.

• Leaves (Daun) Simple, sessile (stalkless) to short-stalked, needle-like green leaves have a strong aroma, 1–2.5 cm long and 1–2 mm wide, green on top, white underneath, with dense, short, velvety hairs.

• Flower (Bunga) Located in the leaf axils along the upper part of new stems. The flowers are whitish, bluish, or purplish-blue, two-lipped and tube-shaped. The lower calyx is three-lobed, while the upper calyx is two-lobed.

• Fruit (Buah) Consists of 4 small, single-seeded segments known as nutlets.

• Rosemary can be propagated from existing plants by taking cuttings (from soft, new growth) 10 cm long, stripping some leaves from the bottom, and planting them directly into the soil. Propagation by seed is not recommended due to a slow germination rate.

• Rosemary has therapeutic properties and has been used in traditional medicine as an oral preparation to relieve renal colic, dysmenorrhea, and muscle spasms. It treats disorders related to the nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, menstrual, liver, and reproductive systems, respiratory and skin conditions, eliminates bad breath, and cleanses the eyes. Rosemary has antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antithrombotic, antinociceptive, antidepressant, antiulcerogenic, and antioxidant activities.

• Essential oils (α-pinene, camphor, 1,8-cineole, camphene, β-pinene, bornyl acetate, limonene, borneol, α-terpineol, cymene), alpha-pinene, cineole, borneol, camphene, rosemarin, terpenoids, monoterpenes, tannins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, and saponins.