It has three varieties: a) var officinale (elephant ginger), b) var rubrum (red ginger), and c) var amarum (bahing). Ginger originates from India and Southern China. It is commonly used as a spice or cooking ingredient and has numerous health benefits. Ginger produces an oil that is a common ingredient in perfumes and cosmetics.

Grows well in tropical to subtropical areas, at an altitude of 200-1,000 m above sea level, with rainfall between 2,500-4,000 mm/year, a pH of 6-7, and full sun (70-100%) throughout the day with an optimum temperature of 20-35 °C. Prefers fertile, loose, and organic-rich sandy clay and lateric soils.

• The rhizome-shaped roots are a). branched, thick, wide (not cylindrical), pale yellow; b). red, scaly, slender, very spicy and aromatic; c). small, yellow-brown, spicy and aromatic.

• The pseudostem is a). grooved, green; b). dark green, round, covered with fine hairs; c). round, small in diameter, reddish-green.

• The leaves are single, green, lanceolate, and alternate.

• The flowers are compound, cone-shaped, a) and b). green-red, c). purple.

• The fruit is a box, oblong, brown.

• The round seeds are black.

• Propagation by rhizomes from quality parents (genetic, physiological and physical quality).

Treats sore throat, cough, colic, diarrhea, influenza, rheumatism, aches, back and stomach pain, increases appetite, worms, body immunity, Alzheimer's therapy, antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemia, antihypertensive.

Geraniol, sesquiterpenes, kadinol, limonene, zingerone compounds, essential oils (al. a).zingiberen, gingeral, camphene, lemonin, shogaol, paradols, b).ɑ-zingiberen, arcurcumene β-bisabolene, β-sesquiphellandrene, monoterpenoid), farnesol, aspartic acid, chlorogenic acid.