Cardamom was introduced to Europe by Arabs as a spice. The plant is also found in Thailand, Cambodia, West Malaysia, and the Philippines. In Indonesia, cardamom is grown in the hilly areas of West and Central Java, where it is used as a medicinal plant and culinary spice.

Ideal environmental conditions for cardamom include well-drained, humus-rich loamy soil, flat to sloping topography, 40–75% humidity, 2,500–4,000 mm of annual rainfall, an average daily temperature of 20–30°C, and an altitude of 300–500 meters above sea level. Cardamom also requires shade as it cannot tolerate direct sunlight.

• The fibrous roots are dirty white with long, round rhizomes.

• The pseudostem is the leaf stalk sheath.

• The leaves are single, dark green, lanceolate, with pointed tips and smooth edges.

• The flowers are compound, with petals 12.5 cm long, elliptical in shape, and the corolla is tubular, white or yellowish-white.

• The fruit is round, elongated, grooved, triangular, and slightly flattened, yellowish-white or grayish-yellow, with three seeds, each separated by a thin membrane.

• The seeds are dark brown and aromatic.

• Vegetative propagation: Select a mother plant that is 12 months old or older and remove shoots that have 4-8 leaves and are 80-100 cm tall. Separate the shoots from the mother plant and plant them directly in the field as seedlings.

• Generative propagation begins by sowing mature seeds, which germinate 5-7 days after sowing.

• Cough and sore throat medicine, postpartum tonic, reduces rheumatic pain, reduces fever, intestinal pain medicine.

• Essential oil, terpineol, linalyl acetate, cineol, saponins, flavonoids, linalool, sabinene, limonene.