This plant is one of the native species from Central Asia and Persia (Iran). Initially, it was discovered and studied as a wild fruit, but later, people began utilizing this plant as an ornamental plant, and its fruit is consumed and made into juice for health due to its rich antioxidant content.

This plant prefers fertile soil with good drainage, and a soil pH of 6.5–7.5. It thrives in the lowlands at altitudes less than 1,000 m a.s.l.. The average annual rainfall is 900–1,200 mm/year. It favors a dry climate with temperatures of 23–32 ºC.

• Root: Taproot with a cylindrical shape.

• Stem: Woody, round, with thorny branches. It is brown when young and a dirty green color when mature.

• Leaves: Simple, lanceolate (lance-shaped), entire margins, a pointed tip, a blunt base, 2–8 cm long, 5–15 mm wide, pinnate venation, and a shiny surface.

• Flowers: Solitary at the tip of the branches, short stalk, with fused sepals, colored red or pale yellow.

• Fruit: Diameter 5–12 cm. Young fruit is green to reddish-green; the mature color varies depending on the type.

• Seeds: Round, small, hard, and red (the edible arils).

• Plant propagation is done using seeds and air layering (cangkok) methods.

• Air layers can be separated after 3–4 months, provided they have rooted well enough.

It accelerates the ripening of boils, helps treat hemorrhoids (wasir), is a remedy for Diabetes Mellitus, stomach ache, heartburn/colic (mules), wounds or ulcers, promotes menstrual blood flow, and treats postpartum fever (demam nifas).

Punicic acid, gallic acid, ellagic acid, punicanolic acid, punicalagin, ellagitannin, saponins, flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, phytosterols, ursolic acid, β-sitosterol, daucosterol, quercetin, rutin, and anthocyanins.