Bougainvillea, also known as the Paper Flower (Bunga Kertas), is an ornamental plant that has a wide distribution across various regions, including Indonesia. This plant originated in South America, but has now spread widely to various countries, including tropical and subtropical areas worldwide.

It is known as a plant that does not require excessive water. This plant prefers soil that is tending towards dry rather than moist. Its care is also easy and does not take long because this plant species is very suitable for planting in tropical and equatorial regions like our country and can grow up to 10 meters in height.

• The size of the bougainvillea plant can grow to a height of 5 to 15 meters, especially when planted in equatorial areas with a tropical climate. However, the plant is difficult to grow upright and tends to climb or sprawl.

• Hard Stem: The bougainvillea plant stem has a hard structure and many branches. The bougainvillea plant is also covered with sharp thorns on its stem area, so one must be careful when handling its stem.

• Flowers: Bougainvillea flowers are small and trumpet-shaped. They consist of 3 petals and are covered with a bract. The true flower parts are surrounded by the bracts, which make the flower look more beautiful. Many people mistake the bracts for bougainvillea petals, but the bracts are actually slightly large leaves that function to protect the flower. The color of the bracts on the bougainvillea plant is diverse, including red, yellow, orange, white, and purple.

• Thin Flower Texture: Bougainvillea is also called the Paper Flower because the texture of its bracts is very thin. Their texture almost resembles paper.

• Leaves: Bougainvillea leaves are wide with an ovate (egg-shaped) shape, but some are also elliptic or narrowly tapered oblong. The tip is pointed. Bougainvillea leaves are of the simple type, their length can reach 4 to 10 cm, and their width is approximately 2 to 6 cm. The leaves of this plant can grow very densely. Therefore, the bougainvillea plant is often used as a dense cluster for a home yard. In addition, it can also be used as a hedge plant to make the fence look more attractive and beautiful

• Leaf Shedding: The bougainvillea plant will shed some of its leaves when its flowers bloom. However, the dropped leaves are not too many and do not entirely strip the plant.

• Propagation is done vegetatively (by cuttings).

• Propagation using seeds.

• Propagation using budding/grafting (okulasi).

• Bougainvillea flowers can also treat digestive issues, such as diarrhea, stomach acid (acid reflux), or stomach aches. This is because the Paper Flower contains anti-inflammatory compounds. Simply drinking hot bougainvillea tea can relieve stomach aches and help lower high stomach acid levels.

Alkaloids, triterpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and phenolics.