This plant is distributed from India to China, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia, then spread to northern Australia and the Pacific Islands. This plant is often grown as an ornamental plant. Its seeds are a source of essential oil, a food additive, and used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat ailments including eye disorders, cough, and asthma.

The plant grows wild in open places, thickets, vacant lots, or gardens. It prefers conditions with a temperature of 20–30 

∘

 C, and rainfall ranging from 1,000–1,400 mm/year. It thrives in loamy and sandy soil with a pH of 5.5–7.8.

• Root: Taproot, round, branched, yellowish-white.

• Stem: Round, the base is generally woody, slightly branched, and covered with hair.

• Leaves: Simple, long-stalked. The leaf blade is lobed, serrated margins, a pointed tip, green color, a heart-shaped base, palmate venation, with rough hairs on both surfaces, length 6–22 cm, width 5–6 cm.

• Flowers: Solitary, bell-shaped, large size, emerging from the leaf axils, the corolla has 5 petals, colored yellow.

• Fruit: Capsule (kotak), ovoid, five-ribbed, tapering, 5–8 cm long, covered with brush-like hairs, and opens with 5 valves when ripe.

• Seeds: Kidney-shaped, flat, hard, gray in color, with fine lines from base to tip, and a fragrant smell.

• Propagation is done generatively (by seed) and vegetatively (by stem cuttings).

• It is antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiproliferative (prevents cancer cell multiplication), softens the skin, a remedy for skin rash, treats cough, boils, and bone fractures.

• Seeds: Ambrettolic acid, β-sitosterol-β-D-glycoside, farnesol, furfural.

• Dried Leaves: β-sitosterol, β-D-glycoside.

• Flowers: β-sitosterol, myricetin, glycoside.