The Rose is a flowering plant widely cultivated as an ornamental plant. There are more than three hundred species and tens of thousands of cultivars. Most species originate from Asia, with a small number originating from Europe, North America, and Northwest Africa. Besides being an ornamental plant, the rose has various uses, including as a fragrance material (perfume) in the cosmetic industry, cut flowers, food and beverage ingredients, cooking spice, and traditional medicine. Roses are rich in Vitamin C and can be consumed raw or processed into forms like jam, jelly, ice cream, or syrup. Rose water has a distinctive taste and is often used in Middle Eastern, Persian, and South Asian cuisine. The petals or flower buds can be used to flavor and scent tea. The rose plant, especially Rosa chinensis, has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine. The North American Indian tribes also used the boiled root as a cough remedy for children. The rose is also often used as a symbol, such as in ancient Greece, where the rose was closely associated with the goddess Aphrodite.

In tropical areas like Indonesia, the rose plant can grow and flower productively in lowlands up to highlands (mountains), averaging at an altitude of 1,500 meters above sea level (m.a.s.l.). The optimum rainfall for good rose growth is 1,500 – 3,000 mm/year. Its growth requires cool air temperatures ranging between 18 – 26 °C and a humidity of 70 – 80%, as well as loose and humus-rich soil with a soil acidity (pH) between 5.5 – 6.8. It prefers areas with plenty of sunlight (5 – 6 hours per day) and does not tolerate standing water.

• Root: Taproot that grows long downwards, the root shape is rounded and long.

• Stem: Hard woody stem, sharp thorns, highly branched, grayish-green. It is round, long, and its diameter size is relatively small.

• Leaves: Pinnately compound with three leaflets (pinnately trifoliate), alternate leaf arrangement. Leaflets are elliptic or oblong shape, rounded base, pinnate venation, has stipules, green color, margins are smooth-serrated, petiole is unwinged.

• Flower: Solitary, varies in size and shape, fragrant, has 4–5 petals and 4–5 sepals, stalked. The sepals are triangular.

• Fruit: Fleshy, berry-like structure, rounded and oblong-rounded shape.

• Seed: Oval shape and very small size, whitish and brownish inside. The seeds are located inside the flower (hip).

• Propagation: Done both generatively (seeds) and vegetatively (stem or branch cuttings, air layering/marcotting, budding/grafting).

• Budding/Grafting: Budding (okulasi) is most commonly done, especially for commercial purposes. The best results are achieved when the bark of the rootstock (batang bawah) can be easily peeled, which is after 3–4 months of age. Woody-eye budding can be done at 4 weeks, saving 2–3 months compared to ordinary budding. Ensure that the cambium of the scion (batang atas) and the rootstock meet.

• Air Layering: The best time for air layering (pencangkokan) is during the rainy season.

Remedy for white spots on the skin (panu), diabetes, skin wash to stop bleeding from scrapes and wounds, wound healer, gargle for sore throat, treats cough, phthisis (lung disease), hemoptysis (coughing up blood), diarrhea, dysentery, arthritis, gout, fever, cold, excessive menstruation, migraine, allergy, acne, and is a diuretic. It also helps with rheumatism, common cold, lowering cholesterol, maintaining body stamina, and has anticancer properties.

Tannins, geraniol, nerol, geranic acid, terpene, flavonoids, pectin, polyphenol, vanillin, carotenoids, stearopten, farnesol, phenylethyl alcohol, β-damascenone, quercitrin, and essential oils (citronellol, eugenol, gallic acid, and linalool).