Bear’s Breech is a shrub that has a unique shape on its leaves. The leaf margins are large and sharp/pointed at each tip. The leaves are glossy green and slightly yellowish. The Daruju plant originates from South India and Sri Lanka, then spread to Indochina, Indonesia, the Philippines, and northern Australia. This plant is also found in Malaysia, but is categorized as a rare plant. Daruju is widely found in moist areas such as the edges of swamps and rivers.

The parts of the Bear’s Breech plant that can be used as herbal medicine are its dried roots, leaves, and seeds. Daruju tastes bitter, although its nature is cooling. This plant contains amino acids, alkaloids, polyphenols, saponins, and flavones which are good for the body. Among its benefits are as a remedy for worms, cancer, hepatitis, asthma, and cough.

• Root: Taproot, yellowish-white.

• Stem: Round cylindrical, somewhat flexible (lemas), smooth surface, brownish in color, with long, pointed thorns.

• Leaves: Simple, short-stalked, opposite and decussate (bersilang) in arrangement.

• Flowers: Compound (inflorescence), 6–30 cm long, with a bluish-purple corolla.

• Fruit: Ovoid (egg-shaped), length $\text{\pm 3 cm}$, blackish-brown in color.

• Seeds: Kidney-shaped, numbering 2–4 pieces.

Propagation is done generatively (by seed) and vegetatively (by stem cuttings or grafting).

Treatment for gonorrhea, syphilis, wounds, boils, hypertension, cardiac dysfunction, hepatitis, vomiting in children, cough, epilepsy, as a laxative, and abscesses. It possesses antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, antifertility, fetotoxic, relaxant, anthelminthic, and anti-mosquito activities.

Alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, lignans, phenols, β-sitosterol, benzoxazinoid glucosides, arabinose, galacturonic acid, rhamnose, and terpenoids.