Industrial robots are re-programmable mechanical manipulators used to move parts, products and tools in a factory. Like most robots, they are used to do jobs that are dirty, dangerous, precise, and repetitive. They are used when they are more efficient then training a human worker to do the same job. Industrial robots can be design to have greater strength, reach, speed, and accuracy then a person. Human workers design, install, program, supervise, maintain, repair and retool industrial robots.
There are many types of industrial robots. They are classified by the shape of space that they are able to do work within, called their 'work envelope'. A rectangular work envelope is created by a robot with three linear actuators (move left/right, move forward/back, move up/down). A cylindrical work envelope is created by a robot with two linear actuators and a rotary joint (turn left/right, move in/out, move up/down). A spherical work envelope is created by a robot with two rotary joints (or a ball joint) and one linear actuator (turn left/right, tilt up/down, move in/out). A jointed arm robot can create a work envelope similar to a sphere but with more flexibility. It would typically include a base that can rotate left/right, a shoulder joint that rotates up/down, and an elbow joint that can rotate in/out. Jointed arm robots can have different arrangements and several more joints depending the job it is designed to do. All industrial robots will have an 'end effector' at the end of their arm which may have several more degrees of freedom to grab, rotate, and move parts and tools.
Types of Industrial Robots
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Rectangular (Cartesian Coordinates)
Cylindrical
Spherical (Polar Coordinates)
Jointed Arm (Articulated)
SCARA - Selective Compliance Articulated Robot Arm
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