England - page unfinished
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Priority
Religion
Government
Dynasty
Play Style
P1 - PvP Nation
Catholic
Kingdom
Plantagenet
Glorious victors of The Hundred's Year War.
Current relationships
England is in a diplomaticly isolated situation as the truce-breaking and assault on Paris three years ago completely shocked all of Europe.
Few nations dare show their allegiance to the 'Truce-breaker' and 'King Butcher' Richard III.
Background
The Hundred's Years War
The Hundred's Years War
1441, Twenty year old, King Henry VI of England and France dies under suspicious circumstances exactly 10 years after he is crowned King of France in Paris. England is without an heir and Richard of House Plantagenet, a direct male desendant of Edward III's line, takes the crown before anyone else even questions it. Being the commander of the English Forces in France he surprises everyone by breaking the truce and leads an assault on Paris.
Taken by surprise, Charles VII of France is unable to defend Paris and surrenders. Everyone would expect another treaty to be negotiated and the Hundred Years War would continue, but Richard III executes the pretender and a massacre of nobles follows, a bloodbath that shocks all of Europe.
1444, Richard III of England & France failed to keep the French Kingdom intact, as it has now shattered into a lot of independent French Duchies, all going their own paths. They are rightfully Richards subjects, but he has decided not to spread more blood for his crown and instead desires to try diplomatically to get the duchies under him.
Several of the powerful French Duchies has claimed to be the true heir to France after the 'murder' of Charles VII. They can do nothing with those claims without holding the French Crown and Paris. So, they wil be coming for Paris and try and steal the crown back.
The entire history between the Kingdoms of England France will be presented at the bottom of the page in a simple bullet list. It is not expecte that you read and remember all of it, but it can be a nice read to understand the full history.
Richard III - King of England & France
Richard III - King of England & France
Richard of House Plantagenet was born in 1411. His father, Richard the Earl of Cambridge was beheaded in 1415 for his part of the Southampton Plot, a conspiracy to despose Henry V. This led to Richard becoming an orphan and a ward of the Crown. He inherited his fathers lands and gold, making him a valuable gift for the crown.
In the year of 1423, Richard was sold to Ralph Neville, Earl of Portsmouth in Hampshire. The eleven year old Richard was immediatley betrothed to the nine year old Cecily Neville, one of Ralphs twenty-two children. Richard became famous for his physical strength, tall figure and chivalrious behaviour. He went to France to join The War as a squire for John, The Duke of Bedford, the younger brother of King Henry V and Regent for King Henry VI. Richard was knighted at the age of 16.
The infant King Henry VI at the age of 6 grew to love the famous 16 year old knight. Over the next few years, Richard was drawn more closely into the circle around the young king. He was present in the 6th of November 1429, when Henry had his coronation in Westminster Abbey as King of England and followed him to Paris in 1431, when Henry had his coronation as King of France in Notre Dame, as was his right according to the Treaty of Arras from The War.
In the year of 1432, Richard came into his inheritance and was granted full control of his estates, making him wealthy and powerful. The year after he was admitted to the knightly Order of the Garter, as could only be expected by a man of his fame.
Events unfolded in France and in 1434 Richard, along with most of Englands knight and military commanders went to France to prepare for the coming events. The following year, Burgundy ceased to recognise the Treaty of Arras and therefore, King Henry's claim to the French throne and John, The Duke of Bedford died just after.
Richard was appointed the successor of Bedford as commander of the English forces in France. In 1436, The flame of the Hundred's Year War was reignited as Charles VII of France attacked.
As many other highborns of this period, he growing up during The Hundred's Years war meant a life molded and formed by war. But little did Richard know, that he would be the man that not just ended the war - but won it.
Culture is different
Culture is different
In EU4 England has its own 'English' culture in the British Culture Group, together with Welsh, Scottish, Cornish and American.
For this alternative history mod, Englands primary culture is Anglois and it's a part of the French Culture Group. The rest of Britain is covered in different groups such as the nordic Brytannic culture from the neighbours to the north in Jorvik.
In this scenario there is no English culture group.
Special Rules for the Crown of France
When playing as England, you are a firm believer in the Catholic faith. You hold the titles of King of England and France.
Rules for your region:
Like all other French cultures duchies, your goal is to 'become France' through the casus belli of retaking Paris and holding it. This will be difficult as there is lots of contestants and the task very hard.
You are not allowed to take provinces from other French duchies unless you have a core on their province. The French people are strong believers in titles and it would burn your reputation to the ground if you began to take uncored provinces and making you even more illegimate to become the King of France. There will be events and missions that grants cores here and there.
You are allowed to take French duchies as vassals. If you are a player nation and becomes a vassal of another player, you must roleplay as loyal. Yes, you as the ruler might be ready for some independence wars, but your people and soldiers are not. However, it is strickly forbidden to integrate vassals, EVEN AI - unless you have a mission that performs the integration.
Once a player has hold Paris long enough to become King of France, he will be allowed to integrate vassals.
Rules specific for England:
You are not allowed to change religion unless your religious unity is below 20%. If you are able to change religion through an event or mission, you can do so.
Your primary desire is to keep Paris long enough to establish yourself as the definitive and unquestionable King of France. Now you are allowed to integrate whatever French Duchies you hold as vassals and conquer the French region that now is rightfully yours.
When the time reaches year 1600, several French Duchies will be able to form new nations and seperate themselves permanently from the French Crown. You will lose your claim to their lands through your title as King of France. They will instead become contestants for the regional powers in the French region and try and move the center of the region away from Paris to their own capitals.
If the year reaches 1600 and you haven't formed France, the time is out. You did not manage to establish yourself as the ruler of the entire region and the Crown of France becomes illegitimate. No one cares about it diplomatically anymore and your claims to the entire region is lost. However, you will be able to form the Angevin Kingdom and become a modern Kingdom with focus on more interesting things than butchering up France.
Current Relations
Alliances
Sicily
Sicily
Three stars alliance, they are your strongest ally since year 1333.
While the quality of their amy is not the best, their use of tactics, navy and influence makes up for it.
Sicily was attacked by Naples and the Papal States in 1351, they did not call any allies for aid and they defeated them singlehanded, by letting them invade Sicily, win the naval superiority and routing their armies into desertion one by one.
This young nation has proven themselves to be a serious Kingdom. You have mad respect for the ambitions of House Raffaelli.
Catalonia
Catalonia
Three stars alliance since 1428.
This alliance is fairly new, but the Jewish family of Suasso has been extremely kind to your nation.
You share the same trade in the Valencia node and their merchants has just begun to teach you how to make those ducats count.
This alliance also secures your southren border and the Catalonian army to aid you, which seems more relevant than ever as the French Kingdom just collapsed.
Rivals
Gascony
Gascony
Aragon
Aragon
Aragon hates you for aiding Catalonia in their independence and they partially blames you for their current downfall. They would love to see your nation burn.
Two star rival.
Dauphine
Dauphine
You see them as weak and arrogant.
As soon as they become independent from the French tyrants, they quickly bend the knee to the Holy Roman Emperor, who even granted them an electorate. You are ashamed that your cultural brothers did this.
Two star rival.
Other relations:
Anglois Ideas
Anglois Ideas
Traditions
+10% Infantry Combat Ability
+2 Leaders without Upkeep
1. Glory of Agincourt
Nothing brings fear into our enemies as sight of our longbowmen. Since the victory of Agincourt and King Henry V's now legendary status as a commander, the training our soldiers has changed into more focus on the use of the longbow. Our new commanders are well aware of its strategical benefits and will be taught how to use it to full extend.
+1 Infantry Fire
+1 Land Leader Fire
2. House Plantagenet
Many tried to isolate the Anglois Kingdom as having grown away from their French cultural roots. This is nonsense. House Plantagenet is the royal house of The Angevin Kingdom and originates from Anjou. As much as the pretenders in the French Duchies will claim - The Anglois culture is French and we will never be thrown out of mainland Europe. All our monarchs will be molded for war.
+1 Yearly legitimacy
+1 Monarch Military Power
3. Catholic Stronghold
The Patron Saint of England is Saint George that killed the Dragon. We have been firm believers in the True Faith and never doubted the legitimacy of the Seat of Peter in Rome. Pious Popes will always favor England. Our King will slay the Dragon - He will go to the Sea of Heresies, also called France, and bring them back to the fold. Chaos shall never prevail.
+2 Missionary Strength
-20% Curia Powers Cost
4 . Rebuild The Angevin Kingdom
We might not have reconquered enough of our rightful land to call us The Angevin Kingdom, but the lands have been torn apart by the endless wars. It is about time to put serious effort into the reconstruction of our lands. The Crown will set an ordinance into place that will not only help our local lords to fund their projects, but for the Crown to become a middleman to make the process faster.
-10% Construction Time
-10% Construction Cost
-10% Development Cost
5. A Royal Navy
Our history began when William the Conquer sailed from Normandy to England. Today our Kingdoms are held together by the Channel. This could become an achielles heel if we do not manage to rule the waves. Our ships must be fast to secure the transportation between our two Kingdoms. A Royal Navy must be build. It is paramount for our future that we rule the waves.
+20% Heavy Ship Combat Ability
+1 Naval Leader Maneuver
6 We fought for a hundred years - we will fight for a hundred more
Without doubt the bloodshed in the French region will continue. The lower nobles of our rightful kingdom declared their independence when we took Paris. There is no doubt they will try and throw us out. If one of our commanders has to retreat, the morale of our troops will still be high. We are ready for a hundred more years of war. France is ours.
+20% Recover Army Morale Speed
+15% Reinforce Speed
7. Oxford and Cambridge
Two of the worlds oldest and best universities are ours. Cambridge was built in 1209 and Oxford in 1096. Without doubt our greatness can be traced back to the highly educated minds that has been an essential part of the decisions of both Crown and Parliament.
-5% Technology Cost
Ambition
+5% Discipline
The Entire History between England and France leading up to the 1444 start date in simple bullet points
From Gaul to France
From Gaul to France
511 - King Clovis I dies. He tamed Gaul and conquered and united all the Frankish tribes, becomes King of the Franks, and converts to Catholic, he converts most of the French and west German region to Catholic. "France" hereby gets the title of "Eldest daughter of the Church" by the papacy.
597 - Augustine, a monk from Italy lands in Canterbury (Kent eu4 province in England) from where he begins to missionary and converts lots of Britain clay.
732 - Battle of Tours, The Umayyad Caliphate invades through Iberia and loses in Tours (Touraine eu4 province) to Charles Martel. France and West-Germany becomes disunited and is reunited again under Charlemagne.
793 - England is made up of small Catholic Kingdoms with infighting until now, when the Scandinavian Vikings raid Lindisfarne and the Viking age becomes a big thing.
800 - Charlemagne becomes the first HRE.
843 – The Empire is split into East Francia, Middle Francia and West Francia. West Francia is almost the same region as modern France.
875 – Vikings conquer East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria. The Vikings lose battles to Alfred of Wessex and is “contained” within a region he calls the Danelaw.
950 – English Kings expands into the Danelaw and retakes York. The West Saxon rulers call themselves Kings of the Angelcynn, that is all the English people.
843-918 West Francie gets raided insanely in this period. The French King allows Vikings to settle in the North to peace them.
918 - Viking Rollo from Scandinavia becomes Count of Rouen and rules Normandy.
987 – King Louis V of France the “Do-Nothing” dies in a hunting accident as the last of the Carolingian dynasty. The nobles of West Francia elects Hugh to the next King. This begins the dynastic line of House Capet.
1066 – Massive succession crisis in England under King Edward the Confessor.
1066 – William, the Duke of Normandy and descendant of Rollo, takes advantage of the English Crisis and invades England. He becomes King of England Christmas Day the same year.
This is the point in which England and France gets their noble houses intertwined and the messy parts begin.
1120 – William Adelin, the only heir to England drowns in the sinking of White Ship. With no male heir, King Henry I names his oldest daughter Matilda as his heir. Matilda is at this point married to Henry V the Holy Roman Emperor, making her an excellent choice.
1135 – King Henry I dies. His heir Empress Matilda, the widow of the Emperor, has now married Geoffrey Plantagenet, a noble house that he started, that becomes one of the most important noble houses in English history.
1138 - The nephew of King Henry I, Stephen of Blois and Duke of Normandy rivals his cousin Matilda and makes a coup d’etat and crowns himself King of England. England enters a civil war known as ‘The Anarchy’.
1154 – The Anarchy ends with the Treaty of Wallingford, which keeps Stephen as the King of England, but the heir to the throne becomes Empress Matilda’s son, Henry II of England from House Anjou/Plantagenet. He is married to Eleanor of Aquitaine, the divorced wife of Louis VII of France.
This is a messy part, as a royal house of French origin rules England and large portions of French region lands through marriage. This is the period known modernly as the ‘Angevin Empire’ consisting of England, Aquitaine, Brittany, Normandy, Anjou, Gatinais, Maine, Touraine and Mortain.
1159 – The beginning of the Capet-Plantagenet Rivalry. The kings of West Francia and the Angevin Empire has a series of wars and clashes with the goal of The French King to suppress the growing power of the Plantagenet dynasty. Important factors regarding this rivalry is 1. Both dynasties are French in origin. 2. The nobles dominating the English court and domineering the French King were French noble houses. 3. The vast majority of the English army were local recruits of French culture.
1180 – King Philip II of West Francia uses the term King of France instead and begins a massive military campaign against the English King.
Saint Bernard during the Albigensian Crusade
Cathars being expelled from Lyon in the early phases before the crusade.
Cathars, Toulouse & the birth of important noble houses
Cathars, Toulouse & the birth of important noble houses
1209 – Albigensian Crusade, a Catholic coalition led by the papal states and supported by the Kingdom of France, Duchy of Burgundy and several other influential nations against the Duchy of Toulouse and their Cathar religion. The Cathars were supported by Kingdom of Aragon and count of Foix.
1214 – The Battle of Bouvines. King Phillip II of France defeats the English King and his supporters of the HRE and Flanders. This is the final end of the Angevin Empire and Phillip has thrown out the majority of the Plantagenet controlled French region and extends the French crown land remarkably. Conflict between the English and French kingdoms continues.
1216 – John of England dies, and Louis VIII of France briefly wins over two-thirds of England to his side and briefly calls himself Louis I of England. John’s son, Henry becomes Henry the III of England from House Plantagenet and regains control over England proper.
1259 – Treaty of Paris. Louis IX of France and Henry III of England settles the 100 year long conflict and the end of the Angevin Empire. The conflict between the House of Capet and Plantagenet is done. The treaty contains that Henry of England renounces the claims to Normandy and gives up control of Maine, Anjou and Poitou. Henry continues to be the Duke of Aquitaine and keeps the lands – but very importantly, the lands are vassals of to King Louis of France.
This last part is very important, as it makes a lot of interpretations and concerns regarding what it really means. The King of England holds continental land vassalized by the King of France. Two Kings of almost equal power, but in their own countries unequal. This is a direct cause to the Hundred Years wars.
At this point, two English noble houses sprout from the House of Plantagenet, The Houses of York and Lancaster.
From 1259 until 1328, many things happens, but they are skipped out to keep things less complicated.
1328 – Charles IV of France dies leaving only daughters. This is the end of the Capet dynasty. His sister Isabella of France, now the effective ruler of England, claims the French throne for her son Edward III of England from House Plantagenet as Charles’s closets living male relative. However, the majority of the French nobility favors Phillip from the House of Valois, a cadet house of Capet.
1331 – Edward the III of England renounces his claim to France and accepts Phillip VI as his liege in Aquitaine.
1332 – War breaks out between Edward III and David II of Scotland, starting the Second War of Scottish Independence. Scotland is an ally of the French crown. King Phillip VI plans to aid Scotland militarily.
1336 – Peace between Scotland and English cannot be achieved. Lots of things happens, but on the 20 of august, Phillip VI of France gives his final answer to English ambassadors that he intends to invade England and Scotland immediately.
Several peace conferences are held, but none of them succeeds. Phillip does not invade England. What makes this strange is that the Aquitaine lands which are held by the King of England, but also a vassal of France, gets treated like both at the same time, which makes the situation just weird.
1340 – Battle of Sluys. The first engagement between the English and French. It’s a naval battle just outside modern Belgium where 150 English ships decimates the 213 French ships. The English has very few losses and the French lost decisive. Edward III officially declares himself King of France in Ghent
1209 – Albigensian Crusade, a Catholic coalition led by the papal states and supported by the Kingdom of France, Duchy of Burgundy and several other influential nations against the Duchy of Toulouse and their Cathar religion. The Cathars were supported by Kingdom of Aragon and count of Foix.
1214 – The Battle of Bouvines. King Phillip II of France defeats the English King and his supporters of the HRE and Flanders. This is the final end of the Angevin Empire and Phillip has thrown out the majority of the Plantagenet controlled French region and extends the French crown land remarkably. Conflict between the English and French kingdoms continues.
1216 – John of England dies, and Louis VIII of France briefly wins over two-thirds of England to his side and briefly calls himself Louis I of England. John’s son, Henry becomes Henry the III of England from House Plantagenet and regains control over England proper.
1259 – Treaty of Paris. Louis IX of France and Henry III of England settles the 100 year long conflict and the end of the Angevin Empire. The conflict between the House of Capet and Plantagenet is done. The treaty contains that Henry of England renounces the claims to Normandy and gives up control of Maine, Anjou and Poitou. Henry continues to be the Duke of Aquitaine and keeps the lands – but very importantly, the lands are vassals of to King Louis of France.
This last part is very important, as it makes a lot of interpretations and concerns regarding what it really means. The King of England holds continental land vassalized by the King of France. Two Kings of almost equal power, but in their own countries unequal. This is a direct cause to the Hundred Years wars.
At this point, two English noble houses sprout from the House of Plantagenet, The Houses of York and Lancaster.
From 1259 until 1328, many things happens, but they are skipped out to keep things less complicated.
1328 – Charles IV of France dies leaving only daughters. This is the end of the Capet dynasty. His sister Isabella of France, now the effective ruler of England, claims the French throne for her son Edward III of England from House Plantagenet as Charles’s closets living male relative. However, the majority of the French nobility favors Phillip from the House of Valois, a cadet house of Capet.
1331 – Edward the III of England renounces his claim to France and accepts Phillip VI as his liege in Aquitaine.
1332 – War breaks out between Edward III and David II of Scotland, starting the Second War of Scottish Independence. Scotland is an ally of the French crown. King Phillip VI plans to aid Scotland militarily.
1336 – Peace between Scotland and English cannot be achieved. Lots of things happens, but on the 20 of august, Phillip VI of France gives his final answer to English ambassadors that he intends to invade England and Scotland immediately.
Several peace conferences are held, but none of them succeeds. Phillip does not invade England. What makes this strange is that the Aquitaine lands which are held by the King of England, but also a vassal of France, gets treated like both at the same time, which makes the situation just weird.
1340 – Battle of Sluys. The first engagement between the English and French. It’s a naval battle just outside modern Belgium where 150 English ships decimates the 213 French ships. The English has very few losses and the French lost decisive. Edward III officially declares himself King of France in Ghent
This is basically the start of the hundred years war. A conflict between House Plantagenet and House Valois. The period is usually divided into different phases separated by smaller truces.
1337-1360 Edwardian War
England fights only with their vassals, the French is supported by Scotland, Genoa, Bohemia, Lorraine, Navarre and Castile. Edward III of England and his son Edward The Black Prince leads their armies personally and they dominates the initial phases of the wars. There is a brief peace period in 1350 because of the plague, in 1356 at the battle of Poitiers, the King John II of France is captured and in 1360 the Treaty of Bretigny is signed, after the ransom of John II. This treaty grants England lots of new clay.
1369-1389 the Caroline War
The Black Prince, the heir to the English throne, spend a huge sum of money to restore Pedro of house Ivrea to the Castilian throne. Pedro became known as ‘The Cruel’ for his crimes against the clergy which led to his excommunication. Pedro was unable to repay the English, so Edward the Black Prince heavily taxed the Aquitaine lands. The people of the land complained unheeded, so they asked for help and liberation of King Charles V of France. Charles V demanded to see The Black Prince in Paris to negotiate a treaty to deal with the crisis in Aquitaine, when it was refused and Edward did not show up, Charles invaded with the goal to liberate the French people.
Shortly after the invasion began, Edward The Black Prince leaves Aquitaine in start of 1370 for London, as his health began to worsen. He dies in 1376 and his son Richard, becomes the new heir to the throne, and becomes Richard II of house Plantagenet becomes King of England in 1377, at the age of 10. Charles VI becomes king of France in 1382.
They sign the Truce of Leulinghem in 1389. England is on brink of economic collapse and suffering from internal political division. France is suffering from Charles VI mental illness that handicapped the French government.
Neither side was willing to concede the cause of the war, the duchy of Aquitaine. But peace was desperately needed by both sides of the war, so they agreed upon a truce, which contained three important parts
1. Joint crusade against the Turks in the Balkans.
2. Marriage between Richard II of England and Charles VI daughter, Isabella of Valois.
3. Peace until 1416, when new negotiations would occur.
The goal of the marriage was to hope for more stability and peace between the nations, but we all know how it goes. What is important is, that Richard II is mentally unstable, just as the French King. Richard has no children and after a period of unrest due to his mental status, he abdicates the throne to one of his close relatives, Henry of House Lancaster, the cadet branch of House Plantagenet.
Lots of interesting things happens between this part and the next part in the war, but they will only make the list longer and too complicated, but they can be read about, or I can find some focus points for the interested.
1415-1453 the Lancastrian War
The Truce of Leulinghem was written in 1389 and Henry IV of England becomes king in 1399. The English king is in poor health, but regardless manages to have lots of children. He dies at age 33 and his son and heir, Henry becomes king at age 27 in year 1413. This part of the war is called the Lancastrian War, as the English throne now is ruled by House Lancaster.
1414, France is still dominated by Charles VI unstable mental state, which lead to his nickname ‘The Mad’. Since his rule began in 1380, things has now in 1414 escalated into civil war between the Burgundian faction and the Armagnac faction.
King Henry V proposes a deal to the civil war and insanity dominated French Kingdom. He demands the French throne, the restoration of the Angevin Empire and one of Charles VI’s many daughters in marriage. If they demands are not met, he will invade and take the French Throne and secure peace and stability through his great-grandfather Edward III’s claim to the French Kingdom.
1415, august, Henry V invades France. The invasion is initially slow as they besiege the city of Harfleur, it took five weeks and disease on both sides for the city to surrender. The army was in such a bad shape that they marched north to Calais back to English territory to sharpen up.
Agincourt - On their war to Calais, they have to cross the river Somme, but once they reached it, their scouts figured out that a massive French army guarded the river crossings. Henry commanded his army to go west along the river and find another crossing. They were low on supplies as they were expected to be in Calais shortly after. The large French army came as a surprise and it took several days on low supplies to find an unguarded area to cross, once they did, they were found by the French, that moved in on the outnumbered English army. This results in the legendary battle of Agincourt were English longbowmen and the use of terrain lead to the French army being completely decimated
This turned the tide of the war towards the English that again and again won engagements and began to dominate large areas of land.
Treaty of Troyes – France is desperate and ruled by the Insane King Charles VI. Hen
It ends in 1453 with victory for the House of Valois that keeps France united, and England loses all continental land except Calais.
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