Learning a Foreign Language via Virtual Classroom
By Desiree Tomasi
By Desiree Tomasi
Three Learning Targets:
Define self-regulation as it pertains to learning a foreign language.
Discuss examples of student engagement in a virtual foreign language classroom.
Detail ways that a student can immerse themselves in a foreign language in a digital world.
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Does self-regulation, engagement, and immersion lead to foreign language achievement?
Students need self-regulation to make attainable goals to improve learning a foreign language (Zheng, Lin, & Hsu, 2018). Students need to fully engage themselves with lessons instead of solely listening to a lecture. Interaction with students virtually in breakout rooms to practice conversation is the next best option when unable to physically attend class (Moeller & Catalano, 2015). Studies show that immersion is the best way to learn a foreign language. Unfortunately, COVID-19 has restricted travel and study abroad opportunities. The alternative is to use media and interactive games to immerse oneself digitally. Duolingo (Lin & Warschauer, 2015), social media platforms (Moeller & Catalano, 2015) are options for studying outside of class to reinforce vocabulary and lessons or to learn new information. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, research did not support virtual classroom instruction compared to in-person learning (Cavanaugh, 2001). Currently, Zoom has achieved positive results as a trusted medium (Gruber & Bauer, 2020).
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Artist credit: Bill Zimmerman
Self-regulation in a digital classroom.
Andrea stated that she completes assignments online using websites, but mentions that there are instances when new material arises without the ability to consult her teacher right away. Since the information is new and wasn’t discussed in class, she would prefer to have her teacher present for questions. This can lead to other issues with Andrea working on her own since she is working to improve her listening and reading skills. If she does not know what she heard, she has to come up with the pronunciation in order to find out the answer from her teacher.
Engaging students for maximum foreign language achievement.
Although Andrea experiences difficulty in her listening and reading skills, she isn’t discouraged from still trying to get a better understanding of the language. She listens to her father and grandmother converse in Spanish on the phone or in person. By listening, Andrea is exposed to a variety of vocabulary and topics that have not yet been covered in her class. Andrea has an advantage that most students may not have with having relatives that can help her improve her Spanish. It helps to also have her father around should she have a question on any material written in Spanish should she have trouble getting in contact with her teacher.
Immersion when physical travel is not an option.
Andrea completes all additional assignments to improve her Spanish skills. She also practices with her parents by conversing with them in Spanish. Since her assignments involve interacting with an online website, it is safe to say that Andrea is able to immerse herself in a Spanish language environment. The websites are vetted by her teacher to get students in the mindframe of reinforcing information related to a previous lesson. Even if there is new information presented, Andrea has access to other media that can help her define vocabulary, her relatives to help with speaking and pronunciation of new words, or even other classmates to discuss the material. Spanish television and radio programs, such as telenovelas and the news, can also aid a student in immersion.
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Interview
Andrea Ivanoska is a 14 year old 10th grader who has previously taken Spanish I in a physical class setting and is currently taking Spanish II virtually. She will provide her thoughts on the differences she noticed from the two ways she received instruction. Andrea preferred her instruction to be delivered in a physical classroom to communicate with her teacher (A. Ivanoska, personal communication, February 11, 2021). This way she did not have to rely on technology as the sole mode of communication should her teacher’s microphone or video did not work (A. Ivanoska, personal communication, February 11, 2021).
Question 1:
What are the notable differences between learning Spanish in person and learning virtually?
"Well it’s a bit difficult learning online because we have to use online websites. The websites teach different things than what my teacher told us. It’s better when we have the teacher there for us and ask her questions" (A. Ivanoska, personal communication, February 11, 2021).
Question 2:
Since learning Spanish in both a classroom and virtual learning, what is your preferred way to have class and why?
"I prefer it in class because it’s much easier…easier to ask questions, understand my teacher and what she is trying to say, I don’t have to worry about technical difficulties. Sometimes we can’t hear her because her microphone doesn’t work" (A. Ivanoska, personal communication, February 11, 2021).
Question 3:
Do you do any additional studying outside of the class to practice listening or reading? For example, watching a television program in Spanish or reading news articles in Spanish.
"My teacher gives us a lot of extra practice assignments so I try to do all of them. Also, I like to listen to my dad speak Spanish with my grand mom" (A. Ivanoska, personal communication, February 11, 2021).
Conclusion
COVID-19 has affected students in such a way that they are unable to attend class in person. For those students that prefer learning a foreign language face-to-face like Andrea, this is a serious challenge to overcome. New media has exploded as the main vehicle for virtual classroom instruction. The advent of Zoom has made it possible for students to connect as a class with their instructor in the safest way possible. With self-regulation, students can work on assignments and receive feedback from their teacher virtually which also serves to engage with classmates on a lesson. Students have a chance to have an interactive class that engages them with games and multimedia presentations. When students immerse themselves in authentic material outside of class, they are solidifying lessons discussed in class or inquire about new words and phrases.
Multiple choice questions
All of these are needed to ensure a student is learning a foreign language in a virtual classroom except:
A) Engaging themselves in the daily class activities and asking the teacher questions
B) Immersing themselves in authentic listening and reading material through digital media
C) Only practicing the target language in class with classmates and the teacher
D) Self-regulation by keeping up with homework assignments and lesson targets
Which one is not an effective study method outside of class?
A) Completing daily assigned homework only in target language
B) Listening to the news and television programs in target language
C) Practicing conversation with classmates in target language
D) Reading news articles or books in target language
1) C
2) A
References:
Cavanaugh, C. S. (2001). The effectiveness of interactive distance education technologies in K-12 learning: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Educational Telecommunications, 7(1), 73-88.
Gruber, A., & Bauer, E. (2020). Fostering interaction in synchronous online class sessions with foreign language learners. Teaching, Technology, and Teacher Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Stories from the Field, 175-178. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342208277
Lin, C., & Warschauer, M. (2015). Online foreign language education: What are the proficiency outcomes? The Modern Language Journal, 99(2), 394-397. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43650034
Moeller, A. J., & Catalano, T. (2015). Foreign language teaching and learning. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, Second Edition, 327-333. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1199&context=teachlearnfacpub
Zheng, B., Lin, C., & Hsu, Y. (2018). World languages in online K-12 education. Handbook of Research on K-12 Online and Blended Learning (Second Edition). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326697811