Embedded Files
Дата публикации: Nov 20, 2014 12:31:11 PM
Retell the story using the words below. Find the odd-man-out.
to leave permanent marks
missing teeth
fellow Americans
won't go away without intervention
such is the case for
сultural traditions
a revered tribal ritual
to evolve over time
to fade away unnoticed
forcibly removed as children
Sudanese refugees
create social, language and dietary barriers
the odd-man-out: won't let dentists fix the teeth
when in Rome do as the Romans do (в чужой монастырь со своим уставом не ходят)
sit on a volcano (жить как на вулкане)
Jack of all trades and master of none (за все берется да не все удается)
all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy (делу - время, потехе - час)
there's many a slip between the cup and the lip (бабушка надвое сказала)
no pains, no gains (без труда не вытащить и рыбку из пруда)
live in the past (жить прошлым)
be on the other side of the fence (быть в другом лагере)
Изложение
Сантино Денг родился и вырос в маленькой деревне в Судане.
В возрасте 10 лет, он прошел обычный для его племени обряд инициации, ему выбили по 6 передних зубов в обеих челюстях.
Он не плакал, хотя было больно.
У всех взрослых мужчин и женщин племени Денга не было передних зубов, потому что это считалось очень красивым.
Поэтому каждый ребенок племени мечтал быстрее лишиться своих зубов, чтобы стать взрослым и привлекательным.
Потом из-за начавшейся войны семья Денга эмигрировала в США, где считается очень некрасивым не иметь передних зубов и на Сантино все смотрели косо и он чувствовал себя очень неловко.
Кроме того, у себя на родине, он употреблял в основном мягкую пищу, и передние зубы были не особенно нужны.
В США пища была в основном твердая, и Сантино было не так просто управиться например с гамбургером или с яблоком.
Решив, что в в чужой монастырь со своим уставом не ходят, Сантино накопил денег, пошел к стоматологу и вставив передние зубы снова стал привлекательным по меркам той страны, в которой живет.
Перевод
I.
Santino Deng was born and grew up in a small village in Sudan.
When he was ten years old, he was initiated as every person of his tribe by pulling his front teeth out of his mouth.
Despite his injury he was not crying.
It was considered by Deng's tribe that a beautiful woman or a handsome man had no front teeth so every child dreamed being initiated as soon as possible to become beautiful and handsome.
Then there was a war in Sudan and Deng's family emmigrated to the USA where a person of no front teeth was not considered beautiful and handsome so everyone frowned on Deng and he felt awkward with that.
What's more, Deng ate almost soft food when he lived in Sudan so his front teeth were not very useful for him.
On the contrary, American food was not soft so it was hard for Deng to manage with a hamburger or an apple for example.
Deng decided that in Rome he should do as the Romans did so he saved up enough money, went to a dentist and put in all his front teeth to become handsome again for the surrounding people.
Santino Deng was born and grew up in a small village in Sudan.
When he was ten years old, he was initiated as every person of his tribe by pulling his front teeth out of his mouth.
Despite his injury he was not crying.
It was considered by Deng's tribe that a beautiful woman or a handsome man had no front teeth so every child dreamed being initiated as soon as possible to become beautiful and handsome.
Then there was a war in Sudan and Deng's family emmigrated to the USA where a person of no front teeth was not considered beautiful and handsome so everyone frowned on Deng and he felt awkward with that.
What's more, Deng ate almost soft food when he lived in Sudan so his front teeth were not very useful for him.
On the contrary, American food was not soft so it was hard for Deng to manage with a hamburger or an apple for example.
Deng decided that in Rome he should do as the Romans did so he saved up enough money, went to a dentist and put in all his front teeth to become handsome again for the surrounding people.
II.
Santino Deng was born in a small village in Sudan.
His tribe had a revered tribal ritual of children initiation which leaved permanent marks on their faces by pulling out their front teeth.
Despite the injuries they were not crying because everyone with no front teeth was considered as a beautiful and handsome person by their tribe so every child wanted to lose the teeth as soon as possible.
Therefore when Santino became ten years old his front teeth were forcibly removed out of his mouth and he was very happy.
Then some years later a war broke out in Sudan and Deng's family had to leave their home and they were lucky enough to emigrate to the USA.
The Sudanese refugees were making themselves at home in the USA and Deng quickly saw that a person of no front teeth was not considered beautiful and handsome here.
So his new fellow Americans frowned on Deng's missing teeth and he felt quite awkward.
What's more, Deng had eaten almost soft food when he had lived in Sudan so his front teeth were not very useful for him there.
In the same time American food was not so soft thus it was hard for Deng to manage with a hamburger or an apple for example.
His trait created social, language and dietary barriers between him and native people and Deng decided that in Rome he should do as the Romans did so he saved up enough money, went to a dentist and put in all his front teeth to become handsome again.
Santino Deng was born in a small village in Sudan.
His tribe, according to a revered tribal ritual, pulled children's front teeth which left permanent marks on their faces.
Despite the injuries the children wanted to lose their teeth as soon as possible and didn't cry during the procedure as having no front teeth was considered to be beautiful and handsome.
Therefore when Santino became ten years old his front teeth were forcibly removed out of his mouth and he was very happy.
Then some years later a war broke out in Sudan and Deng's family had to leave their home and they were lucky enough to emigrate to the USA.
The Sudanese refugees were making themselves at home in the USA and Deng quickly saw that a person with no front teeth was not considered beautiful and handsome there.
So his new fellow Americans frowned on Deng's missing teeth and he felt quite awkward.
What's more, Deng had eaten almost soft food when he had lived in Sudan so his front teeth were not very useful for him then.
At the same time American food was not so soft thus it was hard for Deng to manage with a hamburger or an apple.
His facial feature created social, linguistic and dietary barriers between native people and him so Deng decided that in Rome he should do as the Romans do so he saved up enough, went to his dentist and put in all front teeth to become handsome again for that country.
Santino Deng was born in a small village in Sudan.
His tribe, according to a revered tribal ritual, pulled children's front teeth which left permanent marks on their faces.
Despite the injuries, the children wanted to lose their teeth as soon as possible and didn't cry during the procedure as having no front teeth was considered to be beautiful and handsome.
Therefore when Santino became ten years old his front teeth were forcibly removed out of his mouth and he was very happy.
Then some years later a war broke out in Sudan and Deng's family had to leave their home and they were lucky enough to emigrate to the USA.
The Sudanese refugees were making themselves at home in the USA and Deng quickly saw that a person with no front teeth was not considered beautiful and handsome there.
So his new fellow Americans frowned on Deng's missing teeth and he felt quite awkward.
What's more, Deng had eaten almost soft food when he had lived in Sudan so his front teeth were not very useful for him then.
At the same time American food was not so soft thus it was hard for Deng to manage with a hamburger or an apple.
His facial feature created social, linguistic and dietary barriers between native people and him so Deng decided that in Rome he should do as the Romans do so he saved up enough, went to his dentist and put in all front teeth to become handsome again for that country.
III.
Santino Deng was born in a small village in Sudan.
His tribe, according to a revered tribal ritual, pulled children's front teeth which left permanent marks on their faces.
Despite the injuries, the children wanted to lose their teeth as soon as possible and didn't cry during the procedure as having no front teeth was considered to be beautiful and handsome.
Therefore when Santino became ten years old his front teeth were forcibly removed out of his mouth and he was very happy.
Then some years later a war broke out in Sudan and Deng's family had to leave their home and they were lucky enough to emigrate to the USA.
The Sudanese refugees were making themselves at home in the USA and Deng quickly saw that a person with no front teeth was not considered beautiful and handsome there.
So his new fellow Americans frowned on Deng's missing teeth and he felt quite awkward.
What's more, Deng had eaten almost soft food when he had lived in Sudan so his front teeth were not very useful for him then.
At the same time American food was not so soft thus it was hard for Deng to manage with a hamburger or an apple.
Deng's facial feature created social, linguistic, and dietary barriers between native people and him, so Deng decided that in Rome he should do as the Romans do and he saved up enough to go to his dentist and put in all front teeth to become handsome again for that country.
Santino Deng was born in a small village in Sudan.
His tribe, according to a revered tribal ritual, pulled children's front teeth which left permanent marks on their faces.
Despite the injuries, the children wanted to lose their teeth as soon as possible and didn't cry during the procedure as having no front teeth was considered to be beautiful and handsome.
Therefore when Santino became ten years old his front teeth were forcibly removed out of his mouth and he was very happy.
Then some years later a war broke out in Sudan and Deng's family had to leave their home and they were lucky enough to emigrate to the USA.
The Sudanese refugees were making themselves at home in the USA and Deng quickly saw that a person with no front teeth was not considered beautiful and handsome there.
So his new fellow Americans frowned on Deng's missing teeth and he felt quite awkward.
What's more, Deng had eaten almost soft food when he had lived in Sudan so his front teeth were not very useful for him then.
At the same time American food was not so soft thus it was hard for Deng to manage with a hamburger or an apple.
Deng's facial feature created social, linguistic, and dietary barriers between native people and him, so Deng decided that in Rome he should do as the Romans do and he saved up enough to go to his dentist and put in all front teeth to become handsome again for that country.
Orig.
WHEN Santino Deng was ten years old, adult men in his village pulled six of his teeth out—the six bottom front teeth. Why?
In Santino's village in the Sudan, in Africa, it is a customary revered ritual. People there say, "Men with no front teeth look handsome. Women with no front teeth look beautiful."
So, when the children in Santino's village are ten years old, adults remove their teeth out and it's a sign of becoming an adult. The children do not cry. The boys want to look handsome. The girls want to look beautiful.
Now Santino has a problem. He is living in the United States, because his refugee family has fled his war-torn country. People in the United States think, "Men with no front teeth are not handsome. Women with no front teeth are not attractive at all." There is another problem. In Santino's village, all the food is soft. It is easy to eat with no front teeth. In the United States, not all the food is soft. It is not easy to eat apples and hamburgers without front teeth.
A dentist is putting new teeth in Santino's mouth. It is expensive, and it is painful. But Santino wants the new
teeth. "In the Sudan, I was handsome," he says. "Here, I am not. I want to be handsome again."
WHEN Santino Deng was ten years old, adult men in his village pulled six of his teeth out—the six bottom front teeth. Why?
In Santino's village in the Sudan, in Africa, it is a customary revered ritual. People there say, "Men with no front teeth look handsome. Women with no front teeth look beautiful."
So, when the children in Santino's village are ten years old, adults remove their teeth out and it's a sign of becoming an adult. The children do not cry. The boys want to look handsome. The girls want to look beautiful.
Now Santino has a problem. He is living in the United States, because his refugee family has fled his war-torn country. People in the United States think, "Men with no front teeth are not handsome. Women with no front teeth are not attractive at all." There is another problem. In Santino's village, all the food is soft. It is easy to eat with no front teeth. In the United States, not all the food is soft. It is not easy to eat apples and hamburgers without front teeth.
A dentist is putting new teeth in Santino's mouth. It is expensive, and it is painful. But Santino wants the new
teeth. "In the Sudan, I was handsome," he says. "Here, I am not. I want to be handsome again."
Questions
1. What do you think a tradition is?
I think that B.F.Skinner showed what is a tradition in his experiments with pigeons.
During the experiment, a mechanical device gave a food to the pigeon in the same periods of time independently of the pigeon's behaviour.
At the same time, the pigeon was very hungry so it could easily make a syncretic bind between its actions, like bows to a box corner or wings' movements, and providing food into the box.
When the pigeon was accidentally given a food after some its actions, it tried to repeat those actions in hope to get food again.
I think people traditions and rituals appeared in the same way.
Some predessesors made the ritual of initiation of children in Deng's tribe.
They knew how pulling front teeth out helped to survive, but Deng did not.
He and his generation just followed after their predessesors in hope that they were right.
In fact, having no front teeth probably allowed Deng's tribe to avoid slave-traders' raids.
-1.
I think that B.F.Skinner's experiments with pigeons showed what a tradition is.
During the experiment, a mechanical device gave a piece of food to a pigeon in equal intervals, regardless the pigeon's behaviour.
At the same time, the pigeon was very hungry so it could easily make an association between its actions, like bows to a box corner or wings' movements, and to provide it's food into the box.
When the pigeon was accidentally given food after some its actions, it tried to repeat those actions in hope to get food again.
I think people's traditions and rituals have been formed in the same way.
Some predessesors made the ritual of initiation of children in Deng's tribe.
They knew how pulling front teeth out helped them to survive, but Deng did not.
He and his generation just followed after their predessesors in hope that they were right.
In fact, having no front teeth probably allowed Deng's tribe to avoid slave-traders' raids.
-2.
I think that an example of starting a tradition was shown in B.F.Skinner's experiments with pigeons.
During the experiment, a mechanical device was giving a piece of food to a pigeon in equal intervals regardless of the pigeon's behaviour.
The pigeon was so hungry that it could easily find an association between its action and providing food into the box.
When a piece of food was followed the pigeon's accidental action, the pigeon tried to repeat that action in hope to get food again.
I think people's traditions and rituals have been formed in the same way.
For example, Deng's ancestors knew how pulling front teeth out could help them survive.
Probably, Deng's tribe did that because it allowed them to avoid slave-traders' raids.
However, Deng had no idea about a practical advantage of the initiation ritual.
His tribe and he just considered a person with no front teeth as a handsome one because that was a mark of a native person who was always more handsome than a stranger.
I think that an example of starting a tradition was shown in B.F.Skinner's experiments with pigeons.
During the experiment, a mechanical device was giving a piece of food to a pigeon in equal intervals regardless of the pigeon's behaviour.
The pigeon was so hungry that it could easily find an association between its action and providing food into the box.
When a piece of food was followed the pigeon's accidental action, the pigeon tried to repeat that action in hope to get food again.
I think people's traditions and rituals have been formed in the same way.
For example, Deng's ancestors knew how pulling front teeth out could help them survive.
Probably, Deng's tribe did that because it allowed them to avoid slave-traders' raids.
However, Deng had no idea about a practical advantage of the initiation ritual.
His tribe and he just considered a person with no front teeth as a handsome one because that was a mark of a native person who was always more handsome than a stranger.
2. What function(s) do you think a tradition performs?
Traditions and rituals are methods of the human's adaptation to the environment which base on instincts of a living being.
Every person wants to control everything beside him thus the instinct of self preservation works.
In addition, a man is a gregarious beast so first of all men depend on their social environment.
Therefore, I think that a tradition performs at least three functions.
Firstly, traditions help overcome fear of uncertainty.
Traditions were established for survivng so following the tradition help a person persuade himself about the happy end
Secondly,
соборность
слияние с коллективом, отказ от индивидуальности
Finally, деление свой - чужой
3. Why do different countries produce different traditions?
4. Why do some traditions cross-culturally seem very strange, funny or even dangerous.
Page updated
Google Sites
Report abuse