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see IS. Conditionals
English conditional sentences (Wiki)
Hardly had she sat down when ... (эмфатическая инверсия) (Speech patterns)
You are now familiar with present, past and future conditional verb forms. Sometimes Unreal Conditional sentences are mixed. This means that the time in the if-clause is not the same as the time in the result. Study the examples below to learn how to mix conditional verb forms like a native speaker.
Verbs in green are in the Present Unreal Conditional.
Verbs in red are in the Past Unreal Conditional.
Verbs in purple are in the Future Unreal Conditional.
PAST
PRESENT
If I had won the lottery, I would be rich.
But I didn't win the lottery in the past and I am not rich now.
If I had taken French in high school, I would have more job opportunities.
But I didn't take French in high school and I don't have many job opportunities.
If she had been born in the United States, she wouldn't need a visa to work here.
But she wasn't born in the United States and she does need a visa now to work here.
PAST
FUTURE
If she had signed up for the ski trip last week, she would be joining us tomorrow.
But she didn't sign up for the ski trip last week and she isn't going to join us tomorrow.
If Mark had got the job instead of Joe, he would be moving to Shanghai.
But Mark didn't get the job and Mark is not going to move to Shanghai.
If Darren hadn't wasted his Christmas bonus gambling in Las Vegas, he would go to Mexico with us next month.
But Darren wasted his Christmas bonus gambling in Las Vegas and he won't go to Mexico
with us next month.
PRESENT
PAST
If I were rich, I would have bought that Ferrari we saw yesterday.
But I am not currently rich and that is why I didn't buy the Ferrari yesterday.
If Sam spoke Russian, he would have translated the letter for you.
But Sam doesn't speak Russian and that is why he didn't translate the letter.
If I didn't have to work so much, I would have gone to the party last night.
But I have to work a lot and that is why I didn't go to the party last night.
PRESENT
FUTURE
If I didn't have so much vacation time, I wouldn't go with you on the cruise to Alaska next week.
But I do have a lot of vacation time and I will go on the trip next week.
If Cindy were more creative, the company would send her to New York to work on the new advertising campaign.
But Cindy is not creative and the company won't send her to New York to work on the new campaign.
If Dan weren't so nice, he wouldn't be tutoring you in math tonight.
But Dan is nice and he is going to tutor you tonight.
FUTURE
PAST
If I weren't going on my business trip next week, I would have accepted that new assignment at work.
But I am going to go on a business trip next week, and that is why I didn't accept that new assignment at work.
If my parents weren't coming this weekend, I would have planned a nice trip just for the two of us to Napa Valley.
But my parents are going to come this weekend, and that is why I didn't plan a trip for the two of us to Napa Valley.
If Donna weren't making us a big dinner tonight, I would have suggested that we go to that nice Italian restaurant.
But she is going to make us a big dinner tonight, and that is why I didn't suggest that we go to that nice Italian restaurant.
FUTURE
PRESENT
If I were going to that concert tonight, I would be very excited.
But I am not going to go to that concert tonight and that is why I am not excited.
If Sandy were giving a speech tomorrow, she would be very nervous.
But Sandy is not going to give a speech tomorrow and that is why she in not nervous.
If Seb didn't come with us to the desert, everyone would be very disappointed.
But Seb will come with us to the desert and that is why everyone is so happy.
+
См. примеры отсюда YN. Conditionals
Split Conditional
2, 3
Если бы она знала английский, она бы вчера пообщалась с иностранцами
If she spoke English, she would have had a conversation with the foreigners
0,3
Если бы этот металл разъедался кислотой, то мы бы вчера получили бы другой результат.
If acid corrodes this metal, we would have gotten a different result.
Еще один возможный вариант смешанных предложений – соотношение второго и первого типа условных предложений.
Данный тип образуется по следующей схеме:
Условие Результат
If + Past Simple / Past Continuous, will + bare infinitive
Например:
If she got back late last night, she won’t come to school today. – Если она пришла поздно вчера, она не пойдет в школу сегодня.
Conditional Exercise 10 Mixed Conditionals
1.
1.a. She will take care of the children for us next weekend because her business trip was canceled.
1.b. But, she (take, not) would not be taking care of the children for us next weekend if her business trip (be, not) had not been canceled.
if - past, main - future
2.a. Tom is not going to come to dinner tomorrow because you insulted him yesterday.
2.b. But, he (come) would be coming if you (insult) had not insulted him.
if - past, main - future
3.a. Marie is unhappy because she gave up her career when she got married.
3.b. But, Marie (be) would be happy if she (give, not) had not given up her career when she got married.
if - past, main - present
4.a. Dr. Mercer decided not to accept the research grant at Harvard because he is going to take six months off to spend more time with his family.
4.b. But, Dr. Mercer (accept) would have accepted the research grant at Harvard if he (take, not) were not taking six months off to spend more time with his family.
if - future, main - past
5.a. Professor Schmitz talked so much about the Maasai tribe because she is an expert on African tribal groups.
5.b. But, Professor Schmitz (talk, not) would not have talked so much about the Maasai tribe if she (be, not) were not an expert on African tribal groups.
if - present, main - past
6.a. I am unemployed because I had a disagreement with my boss and I was fired.
6.b. But, I (be, not) would not be unemployed if I (have, not) had not had a disagreement with my boss and I (be, not) had not been fired.
if - past, main - present
7.a. Nicole speaks Chinese fluently because she lived in China for ten years.
7.b. But, Nicole (speak, not) would not speak Chinese fluently if she (live, not) had not lived in China for ten years.
if - past, main - present
8.a. I will not help you study for your test because you have spent the last two weeks partying and wasting time.
8.b. But, I (help) would help you study for your test if you (spend, not) had not spent the last two weeks partying and wasting time.
if - past, main - future
9.a. Eleanor and Ben are not going skiing with us this year because Eleanor just had a baby.
9.b. But, Eleanor and Ben (go) would be going skiing with us this year if Eleanor (have, not, just) had not just had a baby.
if - past, main - future
10.a. I am completely exhausted, so I will not go with you to the movies tonight.
10.b. But, if I (be, not) were not completely exhausted, I (go) would go with you to the movies tonight.
if - future, main - present
11.a. She is not worried about the conference tomorrow because she is not giving a speech.
11.b. But, she (be) would be worried about the conference tomorrow if she (give) were giving a speech.
if - future, main - present
12.a. Frank is not going to the graduation ceremony because he broke his leg snowboarding last week.
12.b. But, Frank (go) would be going to the graduation ceremony if he (break)
had not break
his leg snowboarding last week.
13.a. They are not releasing the prisoner next month because there was so much public opposition to his parole.
13.b. But, they (release) would be releasing the prisoner next month if there (be)
were not
so much opposition to his parole.
14.a. The hotels filled up months in advance because the festival is going to include jazz artists from around the globe.
14.b. But, the hotels (fill) would not have filled up months in advance if the festival (include) were not going to include jazz artists from around the globe.
if - future, main - past
15.a. We are not worried about the recent string of robberies in the neighborhood because the police have started regularly patrolling the area.
15.b. But, we (be) would be worried about the recent string of robberies in the neighborhood if the police (start, not) had not started regularly patrolling the area.
if - past, main - present
2.
12.a. Frank is not going to the graduation ceremony because he broke his leg snowboarding last week.
12.b. But, Frank (go) would be going to the graduation ceremony if he (break) had not broken his leg snowboarding last week.
if - past, main - future
13.a. They are not releasing the prisoner next month because there was so much public opposition to his parole.
13.b. But, they (release) would be releasing the prisoner next month if there (be) had not been so much opposition to his parole.
if - past, main - future
from A Practical English Grammar, Thompson & Martinet
Mixed types conditionals. Finish these sentences, taking care to use the correct tenses.
1 If he had taken my advice, he would have won the contest.
if - past, main - past, III cond
Спортивные соревнования, забег 400 м
Забег закончен и проигран
If he had taken my advice, he would win the contests.
if - past , main - present, Mixed
Не-фактуально, послушался бы - теперь бы выигрывал (все) соревнования.
If he had taken my advice, he would be winning the contest.
if - past , main - present, Mixed
Фактуально, забег в процессе, претендент проигрывает
If he had taken my advice, he would win the contest.
if - past , main - future, Mixed
Забег еще не начался, но ясно что претендент проиграет, остальные участники слишком сильны (или другие внешние обстоятельства)
If he had taken my advice, he would be going to win the contest.
if - past , main - future, Mixed
Забег еще не начался, но ясно что претендент проиграет, внутренние причины
2 If you ate less, you would be slender.
if - present, main - present, II cond
Если бы меньше ел, был бы сейчас стройным
If you ate less, you would have been slender.
if - present, main - past, Mixed
Если бы меньше ел, был бы тогда (в тот определенный момент) стройным
If you ate less, you would be slender.
if - present, main - future, Mixed
Если бы меньше ел, был бы в будущем стройным
???
If you ate less, you would have been slender.
if - future, main - past, Mixed
???
If you ate less, you would be slender.
if - future, main - present, Mixed
Real Cond
If you eat less, you are slender.
if - present, main - present, I cond
Если ешь мало, ты стройный
If you ate less, you were slender.
if - past, main - past, I cond
Если ел мало, был стройный
If you eat less, you will be slender.
if - future, main - future, I cond
Если будешь есть меньше, будешь стройным
3 We'll send for the doctor if ..
main - future
4 If she practised more .. .
if - present
5 If there isn't enough wine in that bottle .. .
6 If you had checked the petrol before we started .. .
7 This clock wouldn't have run down if .. .
8 Try on the blue one if .. .
9 If these gates are locked ..
10 If we leave before breakfast .. .
11 If the river rises any higher .. .
12 Her life might have been saved if .. .
13 If the volcano starts erupting .. .
14 The grass would look better if .. .
15 Unless it is a nice day .. .
16 If you don't put enough stamps on a letter, the person who gets it .. .
17 He would lend it to you if .. .
18 Unless this hotel gets another cook .. .
19 If the storm becomes worse .. .
20 If your uncle sees you .. .
21 If you tried to climb it without a guide .. .
22 If you didn't shake the camera so much, your photographs .. .
23 I'd have brought my coat .. .
24 If (=as) you don't like the picture .. .
25 He would have given her diamonds if .. .
26 If you had asked his permission .. .
27 If the fire had been noticed earlier .. .
28 If you had any sense .. .
29 You would have been angry if .. .
30 If he had put the flowers into water at once .. .
31 I should have ordered more coal if .. .
32 If you leave the gate open .. .
33 You will have to go to the dentist if .. .
34 He would have been drowned if .. .
35 If I'd had a car .. .
36 If Tom rings while I'm out .. .
1. Джаггер пригрозил уйти в отставку, если правительство потерпит поражение
Jagger threatened that he would resign if the government failed.
Jagger threatened to resign if the government failed.(Past Real Conditional <- согласование времен)
Jagger threatened to resign if the government fails. Mixed (past -> future)
Джаггер грозился, что ушел бы в отставку, если бы правительство потерпело поражение.
Jagger threatened that he would have resigned if the government had failed.
2. Если бы в компании согласились, мы могли бы достичь быстрого прогресса.
If the companies had agreed, we could have achieved a fast progress. Cond III
If the companies agreed, we could achieve a fast progress. Cond II
If the companies had agreed, we could achieve a fast progress. Mixed
3. Компания вернет деньги, если вы передумаете.
The company will give you your money back if you change your mind
4. Выставка, возможно, закрылась бы, если бы они не нашли новых спонсоров.
Perhaps the exhibition would have closed if they hadn't found new sponsors
5. Я бы отказался сотрудничать, если бы я был в вашем положении
If I were you, I wouldn refuse to collaborate with them
6. Пожалуйста, сообщите врачу немедленно, если она покажет признаки улучшения.
Please tell the doctor immediately if she gets better.
7. Молли и Салли поняли бы свою ошибку, если бы только остались до конца.
Molly and Sally would have realized their mistake if they had stayed till the end.
8. Можете считать, что мы согласны, если не получите от нас новостей до воскресенья.
I can reckon that we agree if you won't receive some news from us till Sunday.
I can reckon that we agree if you don't receive some news from us till Sunday.
9. Если вы выпьете слишком много кофе, вы не сможете уснуть.
If you drink too much coffee, you won't fall asleep.
If you drink too much coffee, you won't be able to fall asleep.
10. Если бы Джек привез карту, мы бы не заблудились.
If Jack brought a map, we wouldn't get lost.
11. Если бы Джон знал о встрече, то приехал бы
If John had known about the meeting, he would have come.
12. Если вы столкнетесь с Павлом, скажите ему, что я хочу его видеть.
If you come across Pavel, tell him I would like to see him.
13. На твоем месте я не стал бы покупать это платье.
If I were you, I wouldn't buy this dress
14. Я подвез бы тебя, если бы у меня была машина.
I would give you a lift if I had a car.
15. Если бы ты не забыл зонтик, ты бы не простыл.
Unless you had forgotten your umbrella, you wouldn't have had a cold.
Unless you had forgotten your umbrella, you wouldn't have cought a cold.
16. Если бы вы работали усерднее в прошлом году, вы бы теперь хорошо знали английский язык.
If you had worked harder last year, you would understand English much better now.
17. Если бы она усерднее училась в прошлом году, то сегодня она блестяще сдала бы экзамены.
If she had learned harder last year, she would brilliantly pass the exams today.
If she had learned harder last year, she would have brilliantly passed the exams today.
18. Если бы я увидел тебя вчера, то пригласил бы в кино.
If I had noticed you yeasterday, I would have invited you to go to the cinema.
19. Если погода солнечная, мы ходим на пляж.
If the weather is sunny, we go to the beach.
20. Он приедет вовремя, если выйдет из дома в 5 вечера.
He will come in time if he starts at 5 o'clock
21. Дима помог бы мне, если бы у него было сейчас время.
Dima would help me, if he had time.
22. Они не простудились бы, если бы одели теплые свитера.
They wouldn't have had a cold if they put sweaters on.
They wouldn't have had a cold if they had put sweaters on.
23. На твоем месте, я был бы благодарен.
If I were you, I would be grateful
24. Если я не устал, я иду куда — нибудь гулять.
Unless I am tired, I have a walk.
25. Если бы они встретили меня завтра, то предложили бы мне принять участие в конкурсе.
If they met me tomorrow, they would offer me to participate in the contest.
26. Если бы ты был лучшим оратором, то в понедельник презентация прошла бы успешнее.
If you had been a better speaker, the presentation would have been more successful.
If you were a better speaker, the presentation would have been more successful.
If you were a better speaker, the presentation would be more successful.
27. Я буду счастлива, если найду такую работу, как твоя.
I shall be happy if I find a job like yours.
28. Я была бы счастлива, если бы нашла такую работу, как твоя (сегодня или в будущем).
I would be happy if I have a job like yours
I would be happy if I found a job like yours Cond II (Present or Future) = If I were you I would be happy to find such a job
Я буду счастлива, если найду такую же работу
I will .... if I find
29. Я была бы счастлива, если бы могла найти такую работу, как твоя.
I would be happy if I could get a job like yours Cond II
30. Я была бы счастлива (тогда), если бы нашла такую работу, как твоя.
I would have been happy if I had gotten a job like yours
31. Я была бы счастлива (сейчас), если бы нашла такую работу, как твоя (тогда, в прошлом).
I would be happy if I had gotten a job like yours
32. Я буду хорошо себя чувствовать, если ты не испортишь мне удовольствие.
I shall be okay if you don't spoil all the fun.
33. Я бы хорошо себя чувствовала, если бы ты не портил мне удовольствие.
I would be okay if you didn't spoil all the fun. Cond II
34. Я бы хорошо себя чувствовала (вчера), если бы ты не испортил мне удовольствие.
I would have been okay if you hadn't spoiled all the fun.
35. Я могла бы хорошо себя чувствовать (сейчас), если бы ты не испортил мне удовольствие.
I could be okay if you didn't spoil all the fun.
36. Жаль будет, если он не придёт.
It will be a pity if he doesn't come
37. Жаль было бы, если бы он не пришёл (сейчас).
It would be a pity if he didn't come
38. Жаль было бы (вчера), если бы он не пришёл.
It would have been a pity unless he had come
39. Если бы было больше снега (прошлой зимой), мы бы пошли кататься на лыжах.
If the last winter had been snowy, we'd have gone to ski
40. Если бы я вчера не пила так много, у меня сейчас не болела бы голова.
Unless I had drunk too much yesterday I would have had no headache today.
41. Если автобус не придёт в течение минуты, мы опоздаем.
Unless the bus comes in a minute, we will be late.
42. Если ты его случаем увидишь, скажи ему, что я не сержусь.
If you happen to see him accidenty, tell him that I am not angry
43. Если бы он тебя не увидел, ты бы рассказала правду в любом случае?
Unless he saw you, would you tell the truth anyway?
44. Если бы ты позвонил мне, тебе не пришлось бы стоять 3 часа под дождём.
If you had phoned me, you wouldn't have been in the rain for three hours.
45. Я помою посуду, если ты прогуляешь собаку.
I will wash dishes if you walk the dog.
46. На твоём месте я бы учила немецкий.
If I were in your shoes, I would learn German.
47. Если бы у меня была такая фигура, как у тебя, я одевалась бы, как райская птица.
If I had a shape like yours, I would dress like a bird of paradise.
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