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Exercise 14. Insert the Past Continuous or Past Perfect.
1. The Gadfly had just finished washing the boy, and wrapped him in a warm blanket, when Gemma came in with a tray in her hands. (to finish, to wrap) (Voynich)
The Gadfly had just finished washing the boy, and was wrapping him in a warm blanket, when Gemma came in with a tray in her hands.
2. They had reached the peacock door and stood there, talking, (to reach) (Galsworthy)
peacock noun BrE /ˈpiːkɒk/ ; NAmE /ˈpiːkɑːk/ павлин
3. She [Nurse Hopkins] herself had just come and untied her bonnet strings when Mary entered. (to come in, to untie) (Christie)
She [Nurse Hopkins] herself had just come and was untying her bonnet strings when Mary entered.
bonnet noun BrE /ˈbɒnɪt/ ; NAmE /ˈbɑːnət/ - a hat tied with strings under the chin, worn by babies and, especially in the past, by women
4....she could see their faces in a looking-glass. They were evidently enjoying themselves, (to enjoy) (Mitford)
5. Mr. Pickwick found that his three companions had risen and waited his arrival to commence breakfast. (to rise, to wait) (Dickens)
Mr. Pickwick found that his three companions had risen and was waiting his arrival to commence breakfast.
to commence = to begin
6. I led her to the sitting room. Antonia had dried her tears and powdered her nose again. She greeted Rosemary, (to dry, to powder) (Murdoch)
I led her to the sitting room. Antonia had dried her tears and was powdered her nose again. She greeted Rosemary
powdered adjective BrE /ˈpaʊdəd/ ; NAmE /ˈpaʊdərd/
powder something - to put powder on something
7. When Gemma returned with the milk the Gadfly had put on the riding-cloak and was fastening the leather gaiters which Martini had brought (to put on, to fasten, to bring) (Voynich)
gaiter noun BrE /ˈɡeɪtə(r)/ ; NAmE /ˈɡeɪtər/ [usually plural] - a cloth or leather covering for the leg between the knee and the ankle. Gaiters were worn by men in the past and are now mainly worn by people who go walking or climbing (гамаша, гетра; крага)
8. When I looked up again I saw that she had moved, and was standing with her hand on the handle of the door, (to move, to stand) (Du Maurier)
9. Then, quite suddenly, I noticed a movement in the garden: someone. had entered from the gate at the far end of the lawn and was moving rapidly across towards the house. (to enter, to move)
(Clark)
10. He hurried out into the big, dim vault of the station... The rain was lashing at the rails and wind was cold after the closed-in carriage, (to lash) (Lindsay)
dim adjective BrE /dɪm/ ; NAmE /dɪm/ (dimmer, dimmest)
1. light - not bright
the dim glow of the fire in the grate
This light is too dim to read by.
2. place - where you cannot see well because there is not much light
a dim room/street
3. shape - that you cannot see well because there is not much light
the dim outline of a house in the moonlight
I could see a dim shape in the doorway.
4. eyes - not able to see well
His eyesight is getting dim.
5. memories - that you cannot remember or imagine clearly
synonym vague
dim memories
She had a dim recollection of the visit.
(humorous) in the dim and distant past
6. person - (informal, especially British English) not intelligent
He's very dim.
7. situation - not giving any reason to have hope; not good
Her future career prospects look dim.
vault noun BrE /vɔːlt/ ; NAmE /vɔːlt/
1. a room with thick walls and a strong door, especially in a bank, used for keeping valuable things safe
Most of her jewellery is stored in bank vaults.
The jewels were kept in a bank vault.
2. a room under a church or in a cemetery, used for burying people
She is to be buried in the family vault.
3. a roof or ceiling in the form of an arch or a series of arches
4. a jump made by vaulting
see also pole vault
lash verb BrE /læʃ/ ; NAmE /læʃ/
1. [intransitive, transitive] to hit somebody/something with great force
synonym pound
+ adv./prep. The rain lashed at the windows.
Branches lashed at my face.
lash something Huge waves lashed the shore.
2. [transitive] lash somebody/something to hit a person or an animal with a whip, rope, stick, etc.
synonym beat
3. [transitive] lash somebody/something to criticize somebody/something in a very angry way
synonym attack
3. [transitive] lash something + adv./prep. to fasten something tightly to something else with ropes
Several logs had been lashed together to make a raft.
During the storm everything on deck had to be lashed down.
4. [intransitive, transitive] lash (something) to move or to move something quickly and violently from side to side
The crocodile's tail was lashing furiously from side to side.
11. Elinor hadn't taken more than half a dozen steps... when a hand fell on her arm from behind, (to take — negative) (Christie)
Hardly had Elinor take more than half a dozen steps... when a hand fell on her arm from behind
12. When daylight came, the storm was still blowing but the snow had stopped. (to blow, to stop) (Hemingway)
Exercise 15. Translate into English.
(A)
1. Он настроил скрипку и сыграл сонату.
He had tuned up the violin and played a sonata.
sonata noun BrE /səˈnɑːtə/ ; NAmE /səˈnɑːtə/
2. Он настроил скрипку и играл сонату.
He had tuned up the violin and was playing a sonata.
He tuned up the violin (yesterday) and was playing a sonata.
3. Мистер Мелл отложил книги в сторону и играл на флейте.
Mr Mell had set the books aside and was playing the flute
flute noun BrE /fluːt/ ; NAmE /fluːt/
4. Мистер Мелл отложил книги в сторону и стал играть на флейте,
Mr Mell had set the books aside and had started to play flute
Mr Mell had set the books aside and had started playing flute
5. Том принес воды и побежал играть с приятелями.
Tom had brought some water and went outside to play with his friends
6. Том принес воды и играл с приятелями.
Tom had brought some water and was playing with his friends
7. Корабли вышли из порта и плыли в северном направлении.
The ships had left harbour and were sailing northwards.
harbour noun (especially US English harbor) BrE /ˈhɑːbə(r)/ ; NAmE /ˈhɑːrbər/
[countable, uncountable] an area of water on the coast, protected from the open sea by strong walls, where ships can shelter
Several boats lay at anchor in the harbour.
to enter/leave harbour
8. Корабли вышли из порта и взяли курс на север.
The ships had left harbour and (had) headed northwards.
The ships left harbour and headed northwards.
The ships had left harbour and set the course to North.
9. Сэм закрыл дверь за Вильджоном и сел у камина.
Sam had closed the door behind Willljohn and sat by the fireplace.
Sam closed the door behind Willjohn and sat by the fireplace
10. Когда Сари вошла в кухню, Сэм уже закрыл дверь за Вильджоном и мешал огонь в камине.
When Sari entered, Sam had already closed the door behind Willjohn and was stirring the fire (in the fireplace).
11. В доме было тихо. Дети уснули.
It was quietly in the house. The children had fallen asleep.
12. В доме было тихо. Дети спали.
It was quietly in the house. The children were sleeping.
13. Когда я проснулся, солнце уже взошло.
When I woke up, the sun had already risen
14. Когда я проснулся, солнце уже ярко светило.
When I woke up, the sun had already been shining
When I woke up, the sun was already shining
15. Когда я вышла из дома, ветер уже стих и светило солнце.
When I went outside, the wind had dropped and the sun was shining.
16. На днях, когда я провожала брата, я встретила на вокзале приятельницу, с которой вместе училась в школе и которую не видела много лет.
A day or two ago when I was seeing my brother off, there in the station, I met a friend of mine which I had gone to school together and who I haven't seen for many years,
A day or two ago when I was seeing my brother off, there in the station, I met a friend of mine who I used to go to school together and whom I hadn't seen for many years,
17. Когда Тавров пришел, Ольга сидела в столовой. Она читала статью, которую написала для журнала. Тавров еще не читал статьи и попросил Ольгу показать ему ее.
When Tavrov came, Olga was sitting in the dining room. She was reading the article that she had written for the magazine. Tavrov hadn't read the article and he asked Olga to show it to him.
18. Когда мальчик вошел в комнату, его отец сидел у камина и читал письмо, которое он получил в его отсутствие.
When the boy came to the room, his father was sitting by the fireplace and reading the letter that he had got in the boy's absence.
When the boy came to the room, his father was sitting by the fireplace and reading the letter that he had got in the former's absence.
19. На улице было еще светло, но в конторе уже горели лампы. Коростелев уже вернулся.
It was still light outside but the lamps had already shone in the office. Korostelev had already come back.
It was still light outside but the lamps had already been switched on in the office. Korostelev had already come back.
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