study vs. learn (teach vs. educate) (draft)

Дата публикации: Aug 01, 2021 1:21:38 PM

1) учить факты, слова, числа (часто наизусть) с целью усвоить определённые знания:

My son learns English at school.

She has learnt the poem by heart.

2) получать практические навыки:

Mary has never learnt to ski to this day.

3) узнавать что-то новое на основе вновь поступившей информации или наблюдений.

I learned that they had eaten already.

Глагол to study имеет следующие смысловые оттенки:

1) Изучать что-либо путём чтения, занятий для получения теоретических навыков. Например, изучать какую-либо отрасль науки с целью стать специалистом в этой области:

Peter wants to study physics.

2) Получать академические знания в образовательном учреждении.

He studied at the Kensington School of Art.

NB:

Русское предложение: «Он учится хорошо в школе/институте» — переводятся на английский язык:

He is doing well at school/at the university.

Глагол to teach имеет значение — обучать кого-либо, сообщая знания; преподавать:

My cousin Lidia teaches History at school.

Глагол to educate имеет следующие смысловые оттенки:

1) давать образование в рамках системы образовательных учреждений (школ, университетов и проч.)

How much does it cost to educate a child privately?

2) воспитывать, развивать, просвещать

The BBC’s mission is to inform, educate, and entertain.

3) обеспечивать новой информацией

They are educating themselves about changes in the industry.

I learn English hard. Я старательно учу английский (сижу с книгами, участвую в разговорных треннингах и т.п.)

I study English at the uni. Я учу английский в универе. (один из наших предметов - английский язык, мой предмет исследования-изучения - это английский язык

Как уже отметили предыдущие ораторы, обычно study подразумевает формальное, углубленное изучение чего-либо. Если бы я училась в инязе, я бы сказала I study English, если сама/с репетитором/на курсах, то I learn english. Study ~ немецкое studieren ~ русское штудировать.

Jane Povey

404. to learn, to study and alternatives

To learn means "to get knowledge of (some subject) or skill in (some activity), either by reading, having lessons, or by experience".

e.g.

a. I learn French/biology/typing at school.

b. She's learning to play the piano.

e. Some children learn to read before they start school.

d. He learnt to swim in the summer holidays.

e.You are to learn the new vocabulary for homework.

Learn may have either an imperfective meaning (as in examples a, b) or a perfective meaning (examples с—е). It may mean "to learn by heart", as in example (е) above, and in

f. I want you to learn the poem (by heart) for next lesson.

To study means "to give time and attention to gaining knowledge, especially from books, to pursue some branch of knowledge". Unlike to learn, it applies only to knowledge, not skill, or ability to do something. Thus one can learn to read, to type, to cook, to play the piano, etc. but not study. (Study is used with to only in the sense of "in order to", as in He's studying to be a doctor/lawyer.)

With the names of subjects, for example, history/English/ physics, etc. either learn or study are possible.

e.g.

g. In the second form many pupils study two foreign languages.

h. He studied history at Oxford.

In practice, however, the two verbs are not interchangeable. Study is restricted mainly to formal style. In non-formal style learn is preferred, at least with reference to elementary or practical knowledge, such as one acquires at school or at evening classes, for example. For instance we say:

i. He learns/is learning English/history I physics at school.

or use DO or TAKE instead (see below).

If we meet a foreign visitor who speaks Russian we ask:

j. — Where did you learn Russian?

Study in such cases, besides being too formal for the situation, would imply an advanced, theoretical course, for example, a degree course at university.

Study (English/history/physics, etc.) is more widely used with reference to advanced, theoretical knowledge, such as one acquires at university or college.

e.g.

k. He's studying English at university.

Even here, however, study sounds rather formal, and tends to be replaced in conversation and informal writing by the more colloquial DO (see unit 406). Learn here would imply a more practical, elementary course.

With the names of authors and their works, periods of history, subjects of investigation, etc. study, but never learn is used.

e.g.

1. This term we're going to study Chaucer/the Renaissance.

m. Dr. Groves has studied the effect of chemical fertilisers on crops.

In sentences like l DO is often used instead of study in colloquial style (see below). When there is no object, learn refers to the process of acquiring knowledge.

e.g.

n. Some children learn more quickly than others.

o. He doesn't want to learn.

Study with no object generally means "to be a student".

e.g.

р. He's studying at London University.

q. He published several stories while he was still studying.

!!!Note that we do not say *He studies at school / in the first form.

but:

r. He's at school or He goes to school.

He's in the first form (see below).

Neither learn nor study is appropriate here, nor in the translation of such Russian sentences as Как он учится? Он хорошо/плохо учится. Here we say, for example:

s.

— How's he getting on at school / college / university?

— He's getting on / doing (very) well at school / college / university.

— He's not doing very well atschool / college / university.

Вот еще обещанные Jane Povey разговорные синонимы (DO / TAKE /HAVE)

406. DO / TAKE /HAVE

The following verbs are widely used in conversation and informal writing instead of learn or study:

DO

a. Peter's doing English this year.

b. They do two foreign languages in the- third form.

е. I did French for five years at school, but I can't speak a word.

d. My son's doing engineering.

e. We did "Hamlet"/ Keats/ the Civil War last term.

The use of DO with the names of writers and their works, periods of history, etc. is common among schoolchildren and students, but is discouraged by some teachers, who consider it to be careless. However, it is sometimes used by these teachers themselves in colloquial speech.

DO with the name of a play may also mean "produce", "stage", and is not bad style.

TAKE

a. Peter's taking English this year.

b. The fourth form takes two foreign languages.

е. My son's taking engineering at the college of technology.

HAVE

This is not quite equivalent to learn/study, but is often used instead, like the Russian у меня/у нас ...

e.g.

a. We have English three times a week.

b. We have Mrs. Jennings for English.

е.

— We've got English today.

— No, we haven't. We haven't got /don't have it till tomorrow.

d. We ve got Mrs. Jennings next lesson.

to be at/in, to go to

These simple verbs are often used in everyday speech rather than learn/study.

e.g.

a. Margaret's at school.

This may mean that she is a schoolgirl, or that she is there at this moment.'

b. Margaret goes to school.

d. Margaret's in the third form / year.

e. John's at college.

This may mean that he is a college student, or that he is there at this moment.

f. John's at university.

This means that he is a university student. In order to imply that he is there at the moment, tke definite article is included:

f. He's at the university.

g. John's at Redland College / Birmingham University.

In examples (d), (е) and (f) goes to is possible, but unusual.