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Can vs. could vs. to be able to (ability, possibility) (Modal verbs p.1)
Must/have to/need (Modal verbs p.2)
Hill 5. Joe. Must/have got to/have to/need to/be to (Modal verbs p.3)
IS. Can, could, may. (Modal verbs p.4)
1.
dare verb BrE /deə(r)/ ; NAmE /der/
present simple I / you / we / they dare BrE /deə(r)/ ; NAmE /der/
he / she / it dares BrE /deəz/ ; NAmE /derz/
past simple dared BrE /deəd/ ; NAmE /derd/
past participle dared BrE /deəd/ ; NAmE /derd/
-ing form daring BrE /ˈdeərɪŋ/ ; NAmE /ˈderɪŋ/
1. (not usually used in the progressive tenses) to be brave enough to do something
She said it as loudly as she dared.
dare (to) do something He didn’t dare (to) say what he thought.
They daren't ask for any more money.
(literary) She dared not breathe a word of it to anybody.
Dare to be different!
There was something, dare I say it, a little unusual about him.
2. [transitive] to persuade somebody to do something dangerous, difficult or embarrassing so that they can show that they are not afraid
dare somebody Go on! Take it! I dare you.
dare somebody to do something Some of the older boys had dared him to do it.
Idioms
don’t you dare! - (informal) used to tell somebody strongly not to do something
‘I'll tell her about it.’ ‘Don't you dare!’
Don't you dare say anything to anybody.
how dare you, etc. - used to show that you are angry about something that somebody has done
How dare you talk to me like that?
How dare she imply that I was lying?
I dare say - (also I daresay especially in British English)
used when you are saying that something is probable
I dare say you know about it already.
Grammar Point
Dare (sense 1) usually forms negatives and questions like an ordinary verb and is followed by an infinitive with to.
It is most common in the negative:
I didn’t dare to ask.
He won’t dare to break his promise.
You told him? How did you dare?
I hardly dared to hope she’d remember me.
In positive sentences a phrase like not be afraid is often used instead:
She wasn’t afraid (= she dared) to tell him the truth.
It can also be used like a modal verb especially in present tense negative forms in British English, and is followed by an infinitive without to:
I daren’t tell her the truth.
In spoken English, the forms of the ordinary verb are often used with an infinitive without to:
Don’t you dare tell her what I said!
I didn’t dare look at him.
2. url
How dare you ...
How do you dare ...
what's the difference?
If you are issuing this statement as a warning or confrontation then the only acceptable formulation is 'How dare you' <= modal verb
For example: "How dare you go behind my back and talk to my boss without telling me."
How do you dare is asking a question essentially How is it possible that you dare to ... <= not modal verb
For example: "How do you dare do that? Aren't you afraid you'll burn your hand?"
3. BBC
Q: I have some doubts dealing with appropriate use of the auxiliary particles do/does/did with need and dare.
Sometimes I find need and dare used with these auxiliaries and sometimes without them, e.g.
You needn't come if you don't want to.
You don't need to be genius to see that it is wrong.
How dare you speak to me like that?
Don't you dare go in there.
I didn't dare answer. I daren't tell her.
Could you please explain to me the rules to be followed?
A:
need can be used in two different ways.
do not need to
On the one hand, it can be used as an ordinary verb and has the same forms as an ordinary verb. The third person singular ends with an s, and questions and negatives are formed with do. As an ordinary verb, need is normally followed by an infinitive with to:
He needs to see a doctor. Do you need to see one too? ~ No, I don't need to see a doctor. But I need a good rest.
You don't need to be over 21 to go into a pub in Britain, whereas in America you do.
In this sense, when we are talking about necessity, we generally prefer need to / do not need to.
needn't
In the other format, need behaves as a modal verb, like can, could, must should, etc. It has the same forms as modal auxiliary verbs: the third person singular has no s, questions and negatives are made without do. In this format, need is followed by an infinitive without to:
You needn't bother to change the sheets. I'll sleep in them later.
Need I lock the door when I leave? ~ No, you needn't. Sarah will be home soon.
In this sense, we are talking more about obligation and giving permission to someone not to do something.
Note also that as a modal verb it is most commonly used in negative sentences and sometimes in questions.
In your examples, you are talking about obligation on the one hand, and necessity on the other. Compare the following alternatives to needn't and need to in the examples below:
You needn't come if you don't want to.
Don't feel obliged to come if you don't want to.
You don't need to be a genius to see that it is wrong.
You don't have to be a genius to see that it is wrong.
doesn't dare to - daren't
Dare, meaning have the courage to do something, can also be used in two ways:
* as an ordinary verb followed by an infinitive with to, with s in the third person singular and with questions and negatives formed with do
He never dares to criticise her for wasting money and she doesn't dare to interrupt him when he's working.
* as a modal auxiliary verb followed by an infinitive without to, with no third person singular s and with questions and negatives without do:
Dare she tell him what she thinks about him? She daren't say anything. He will only shout at her. "How dare you speak to me like that?" he will say.
Differences in use are not as fixed or clear cut between doesn't dare to and daren't as they are between doesn't need to and needn't, except in expressions or collocations such as:
* How dare you? > How dare you walk away when I'm talking to you?
* I dare you to… I dare you to go up to him and ask him for a date.
* I dare say… > I dare say you're pretty hungry after all that cycling.
In this last example, I dare say means I suppose.
Occasionally you will find mixed modal/ordinary verb structures, such as:
He didn't dare complain about the quality of the food.
Don't you dare! > Don't you dare throw that snowball at me!
Note that dare, like other modals, is never used in progressive form and need is not often used in progressive form:
I was driving as fast as I dared.
Are you driving into town today, Tom? Jack needs a lift.
Will you be needing any help with your homework?
Dare
As a modal verb dare has two forms: dare for the present and dared for the past. It is used mostly in interrogative and negative sentences. 'Dare' means 'to have the courage to do something'. In negative sentences it denotes lack of courage to do something.
Examples:
She dare not open her mouth. (She hasn’t got the courage.)
Dare he tell them what he knows? (Is he brave enough to tell them?)
Note 1: - Modal verb 'dare' is mostly used in interrogative and negative sentences.
Note 2: – There is a contracted negative daren’t [deənt]. In British English, the negative 'daren’t' is frequent:
E. g. : She daren’t tell the boss because she doesn’t want to make trouble.
The peculiarity of the verb 'dare' is that it is used both as a normal verb (taking the auxiliary'do' in the interrogative and negative forms, -s in the 3rd person singular and a to-infinitive) and as an anomalous verb (like other modal verbs, without do, –s, and to ). As a normal verb it is usually used in the Past Tense.
Compare:
How did he dare to strike me? (normal verb)
I did not dare to say a word. (normal verb)
How dare you interrupt him? (modal verb)
We dare not remain here. (modal verb)
► As a normal verb 'dare' has a limited paradigm of finite forms and no verbals. It may have two meanings:
1. To venture, to have the courage or impudence (like the modal auxiliary 'dare'). In this sense it is used mainly in negative statements:
He didn’t dare to stop me. (He didn’t have the courage.)
She doesn’t dare to answer.
Don’t you dare to touch me.
2. To challenge, to defy:
I dared him to jump. (I challenged him to do it.)
'I dare you to climb on the roof, Bill!' said Larry.
Expressions with Dare
Note the following combinations with the verb 'dare'.
1. I dare say
'I dare say' has almost the same meaning as 'probably' or 'I expect', 'I suppose', 'I think it is likely'.
I dare say you are right.
I dare say he will come later.
It’ll rain tomorrow, I dare say.
2. How dare you (he, she, etc.) do something = How can you (he, she, etc.) be so rude and bold = I am very surprised and shocked by what you are doing.
How dare he speak to you like that? (I wonder at such impudence.)
How dare he accuse me of lying!
How dare you listen to a private conversation?
3. How dare you? - we use this as an indignant exclamation.
How dare you? Take your hands off me at once! (How can you be so bold?)
4. You dare! / Don’t you dare! – these expressions are used to discourage people from doing things they shouldn’t (for example by mothers):
'Mummy, can I draw a picture on the wall?' – 'You dare!'
I'll tell her about it. - Don't you dare!
5. I dare you to do something – this expression is used (for example by children) to challenge each other to do frightening things.
I dare you to ride your bike through the gate with no hands.
I dare you to jump the stream!
6. Dare someone to do something - we use this expression to challenge someone to do something to see if he is brave enough to do it.
Sally dared Jane to race her to the corner. You wouldn't do that, would you? I dare you.
Go to the 'Modal Verbs: Need' page
Semi-modal Verbs (IS try)
Semi-Modal Verbs function in much the same way as modal verbs - they are an auxiliary verb that adds information to the main verb, but can't really function alone.
They are different from modal verbs, though, because they behave more like typical verbs - for example, they change to agree with their subjects, they change tense, and they can be combined with other helping verbs like be, have, and do.
The main verb that follows a semi-modal verb is always the "bare infinitive form" - the basic verb form. Remember, that with semi-modals, "to" is part of the verb phrase.
Need communicates necessity or obligation. In formal negative constructions, need is often used without "to" before the main verb.
Dare shows that the subject is making a conscious effort, or has great desire to do the action of the main verb. It is more often used in formal negative sentences, and more often in British English. Dare is often also used in formal questions.
Need is used:
To communicate necessity or obligation. In this context, "need" is a regular verb, and we must use "to" before the main verb
e.g. We need to go grocery shopping.
In formal negative and interrogative constructions, need is often used without "to" before the main verb.
In this context, need is used as a modal verb, and you do not need to include "to" before the main verb.
Note: this construction is used more often in British English.
e.g.They needn't go to such trouble
In interrogative constructions, “need” can be both modal and a semi-modal.
The Perfect Infinitive, used after “need', states an unnecessary action, a waste of time and refers to the Past; it is translated as “ни к чему, зря, незачем было”
Translate into English
1. Can I have a word with you, Mr. Perish? Guys from the federal agency need to discuss something.
2. 'You needn't have been thinking that I'm going to be scratching your neck', she informed the cat, not moving and stroking his head.
3. You've said it yourself that you must do a lot.
You've said it yourself that you need to do a lot.
4. You need to meet the other people of the company but you don't as if you were stack up to your desk.
5. Alister is young, unmarried and extravagant. He needn't be serious.
6.
- How is your splendid friend?
- He is fine. But I need to speak to you and explain ...
- Oh, you needn't explain anything to me but I envy you
7. Your son did well. You needn't have asked him about anything twice.
8. We need to decide who is to be in the committee. It needs to consist of two men and two women.
9. I don't think that we need to meet often
10. You needn't have fitted a new lock into the door. I've repaired the old one.
11. Need we cut the bushes right now? Why are we doing it in such weather?
12. We needn't have waited the dean for so long. His deputy could settle the issue.
committee noun BrE /kəˈmɪti/ ; NAmE /kəˈmɪti/
Dare shows that the subject is making a conscious effort, or has great desire to do the action of the main verb.
Dare is often also used in formal questions. It is never followed by the Perfect Infinitive ???.
e.g. Do they dare come to the wedding without formal dress clothes?
- Like "need,"dare is more often used in formal negative sentences, and more often in BritishEnglish.
e.g I don't dare come late to class!
- To show that the subject is making a conscious effort, or has great desire to do the action of the main verb.
e.g. I don't know how he dares behave so rudely in public!
Also, “dare” is used as a notional verb in the situation of challenge. The translation is: “попробуй! Посмей только! А тебе слабо! Спорим ...”
e.g. I dare you to say that straight to her face.
Don't you dare! - только посмей
sauce noun BrE /sɔːs/ ; NAmE /sɔːs/
1. [countable, uncountable] a thick liquid that is eaten with food to add flavour to it
tomato/cranberry/chilli, etc. sauce
chicken in a white sauce
ice cream with a hot fudge sauce
2. [uncountable] (old-fashioned, British English, informal) talk or behaviour that is annoying or lacking in respect
synonym cheek
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