W vs. V + linking /w/ + dark /l/ + stress & intonation.

Дата публикации: Jan 07, 2020 3:27:10 PM

British

American

Canadian

/W/ - voiced (labio-)velar approximant. Approximant* is a consonant produced by bringing one articulator (the tongue or lips) close to another without actually touching it, as in English /r,w,j/. Это резкий переход от гласного звука /u:/, где губы сильно выходят вперед трубочкой, к последующему звуку.

*Approximants are speech sounds that involve the articulators approaching each other but not narrowly enough nor with enough articulatory precision to create turbulent

airflow. Therefore, approximants fall between fricatives, which do produce a turbulent airstream, and vowels, which produce no turbulence.

Для обоих звуков /w/ и /r/ губы вытягиваются вперед в трубочку, язык отодвигается назад (для /w/ кончик языка просто уходит назад - можно сравнить со звуком /ю/,

для /r/ кончик языка загнут - можно сравнить со звуком /ш/

Скажите 'щю' - вы не сможете произнести его правильно, если не вытяните губы в трубочку вперед и язык не отодвинете назад. Скажите 'щю' и сразу 'when',

щю+why,щю+you. Так же можно тренировать звук /r/ произнеся звук /ш/ до него: /ш/ (оставьте кончик языка за альвеолами, не двигайте его вперед на русскую /r/) - /ш right/.

See youuuuuwhen - Для звука 'juː' губы достаточно сильно выходят вперед трубочкой.

1. Вытяните губы вперед (как в русском /ю/)

2. Губы остаются в такой позиции и еще дальше выходят вперед, пытаясь соприкоснуться.

3. Губы НЕ соприкасаются, напрягаются и резко переходят в следующую позицию на звук /е/.

Это упражнение показывает, что позиция, которую принимают губы при звуках /w/ и /juː/ одинаковая

We went - Губы вытягиваются далеко вперед, напрягаются, пытаются соприкоснуться и переходят в позицию /i:/ - губы в улыбки. В этом упражнении губы должны постоянно двигаться вперед - назад.

Vote when - Это упражнение показывает, что 1. для звука /w/ губы не должны соприкасаться друг с другом - сравнении с /v/; 2. на /v/ губы не вытягиваются вперед и смыкаются - на /w/ губы сильно вытягиваются вперед и не смыкаются.

Leave when - Еще одно упражнение для сравнения звуков /v/ и /w/. На /v/ губы соприкасаются и уже слегка вытягиваются вперед для следующего звука.

Если ваш /w/ слышится как /v/ - это значит, что:

1. Вы не вытягиваете губы достаточно вперед в трубочку.

2. Вы соединяете губы слишком плотно.

What /wɒt/, we /wiː/, watch /wɒtʃ/, wool /wʊl/, wet /wet/, white /waɪt/, win /wɪn/, where /weə/,

wood /wʊd/, wait /weɪt/, sweet /swiːt/, twice /twaɪs/, quiet /ˈkwaɪ.ət/, quite /kwaɪt/,

swim /swɪm/, twenty /twen.ti/, quick /kwɪk/, twelve /twelv/, twin /twɪn/, queen /kwiːn/,

lanquage /ˈlæŋ.ɡwɪdʒ/, one /wʌn/

+

slightly softer, lips slightly more rounded

warm /wɔːm/, war /wɔː(r)/.

[ fi:l ] - [ wi:l ] feel - wheel чувствовать - колесо

[ fəʊ ] - [ wəʊ ] foe - woe враг - горе

[ fel ] - [ wel ] fell - well упал - хорошо

[ feil ] - [ weil ] fail - whale потерпеть неудачу - кит

[ fu:l ] - [ wu:l ] fool - wool дурак - шерсть

[ wet ] - [ vet ] wet - vet сырой - ветеринар

[ weil ] - [ veil ] wail - veil завывание - вуаль

[ wi:l ] - [ vi:l ] wheel - veal колесо - телятина

[ west ] - [ vest ] west - vest запад - жилет

[ wein ] - [ vein ] wane - vane ущерб - лопасть

from Sheep or ship (3ed)

well what wet walk warm with white wine went

/wɛl/ /wɒt/ /wɛt/ /wɔːk/ /wɔːm/ /wɪð/ /waɪt/ /waɪn/ /wɛnt/

walked woods wild sweet William Wednesday wasn't

/wɔːkt/ /wʊdz/ /waɪld/ /swiːt/ /ˈwɪljəm/ /ˈwɛnzdeɪ/ /wɒznt/

wearing walnut railway quiet quickly twenty squirrels

/ˈweərɪŋ/ /ˈwɔːlnʌt/ /ˈreɪlweɪ/ /ˈkwaɪət/ /ˈkwɪkli/ /ˈtwɛnti/ /ˈskwɪrəlz/

wonderful afterwards

/ˈwʌndəfʊl/ /ˈɑːftəwədz/

------------------------- Sentence stress -----------------------

A walk in the woods.

VIRGINIA: (2) I saw. . William again on Wednesday, Winona

WINONA: (4) Oh? William again. (Winona laughs.) Well,what happened

VIRGINIA: (4) We went for a lovely walk in the woods.

WINONA: (6) Oh? In the wet? Wasn't it very wet on Wednesday?

VIRCINIA: (6) lt was very cold and wet. But we were wearing very warm clothes

(4) and we walked quickly to keep warm.

WINONA: (6) ls that the woods next to the railway lt's not very quiet.

VlRGlNlA: (6) Yes. But further away from the railway it was very quiet

(4) and there were wild squirrels everywhere. We counted

(2) twenty squirrels.

WINONA: (5) Twenty squirrels? And what did you do for lunch?

(2) A picnic with the squirrels?

VIRCINIA: (5) lt was too wet. Afterwards we went to a restaurant. lt was

(6) twelve o'clock. We had walnut cake and sweet white wine

(1) lt was wonderful

WINONA: (3) So? William again. Well..?

VIRGINIA: (1) Well? (Virginia and Winona laugh.)

------------------------- Intonation -----------------------

Intonation usually goes down at the end of WH questions and short answers

Notice that intonation in WH questions can change when we are talking about old information, e.g. the first time we ask somebody's name, we ask:'What's your name?' This is new information. But if I then forget the name and ask again,I ask: 'What's your name?' because I am asking about old information that has already been given.The intonation goes up to show that this is something we have already shared

new - intonation usually goes down (fall)

old - intonation usually goes up (rise)

------------------------- Linking /w/ -------------------------

The sound /w/ is used in rapid spoken English to link other sounds.The sound /w/ Iinks words ending in /u/ or /ʊ/ , e.g. who, you, how, go, hello. When the next word begins with a vowel.

Who_is? You_are. Go_away!

1 A: Hello_everybody. How_are you?

B: Hello_Emma. Oh_I'm OK now. I had the flu_and felt terrible.

2 A: Who_isn't here?

B: Joe_isn't. A few_others aren't.

3 A: Is Sue_OK? Anybody know_about Sue?

B: I don't know if Sue_is off with the flu_as well.

4 A: How do_I get to_a garage?

B; You go_under a bridge and through_a village.

5 A: Do you_understand?

B: No._I don't really.

6 A: Oh_it's so_unfair! You_always get two_ice creams.

B: Grow_up!

Tim's Pronunciation Workshop: Linking /w/

http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/features/pronunciation/tims-pronunciation-workshop-ep-7

The shoe is on the wrong foot.

'Shoe' ends in the sound /u:/ and 'is' begins with the sound /ɪ/. But can you hear another sound linking them together? Have another listen:

The shoe_is on the wrong foot.

When one word ends in an /u:/ sound and the next begins in a vowel sound we can just about hear another sound in between. This sound is a bit like /w/. So 'The shoe is…' becomes 'The shoewis'. This is called the linking /w/ - but it's important to remember that it's not a full /w/ sound. It happens because the mouth moves from an /u:/ sound to a vowel sound and on the way it passes through the /w/ mouth shape. Here are some more examples:

Examples

When do_I have to be there?

I haven't got a clue_at all.

That glue_is really strong.

I really can't do_it.

Dark /l/

http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/course/upper-intermediate/unit-25/session-4

Dark L

As Helen said, it's somewhere between an L and a W. It's actually very common, especially when people speak fast, and in certain accents, like Cockney (a type of London accent). It's usually pronounced this way at the end of a word, when following a vowel. But not when the next word begins with a vowel. For example:

Hi, my names Neil.(This is usually a dark L)

Hi, my name's Neil Edwards. (This time the L is followed by a word which started with a vowel, so it's usually a light L)

Helen uses it in the words: ball, almost, feel, older, kneel, peel, smile

Light L

This is what we think of as the normal L sound. It's usually pronounced at the start of a word, like lion, after a consonant, like clear, or before a vowel, like feeling.

Helen uses it in the words: silence, clearly, carefully

Silent L

As you know, English spelling is tricky – and doesn't follow the rules. In some words, such as talk, calm and walk – we don't pronounce the L at all, it's silent.