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Дата публикации: Mar 29, 2017 9:35:48 AM
Hardly had she sat down when ... (эмфатическая инверсия) (Speech patterns)
IS. Conditionals p.2. Mixed ones
English conditional sentences (Wiki)
Use of will and would in condition clauses
Regarding the first conditional, will (or shall) is not normally used to mark future time reference in a condition clause; instead an ordinary present tense is used:
If she wins (not: will win) tomorrow, I'll eat my hat.
However, there are certain situations where will can appear in a condition clause. One type of situation is referred to above under zero conditional, where will expresses futurity, but the sentence as a whole expresses factual implication rather than a potential future circumstance:
"If aspirins will cure it, I'll take a couple tonight" (the taking is not a consequence of the curing, but a consequence of the expectation that they will cure).
More commonly, will appears in condition clauses where it has a modal meaning, rather than marking the future. Relevant meanings include willingness, persistence, or strong disapproval.
If you will excuse me, I think I will slip into something more comfortable. (willingness)
If you will keep all the windows shut, of course you'll get headaches. (persistence)
A: The zookeeper was really annoyed with me.
B: Well, if you will throw stones at the animals, it's not surprising! (strong disapproval)
In the second and third sentences will is stressed, and cannot be contracted to "'ll."
Similarly, would is not generally used in the condition clauses of the counterfactual patterns (second and third conditional) in standard English:
If I knew (not: would know) him, I would talk to him.
If you had written (not: would have written), it would have put my mind at rest.
However, some varieties of English regularly use would (contracted to 'd) and would have ('d have) in counterfactual condition clauses, although this is often considered non-standard:
If you'd leave (standard: you left) now, you'd be on time.
If you'd have told (standard: you had told) me, we could've done something about it.
Such use of would is widespread especially in spoken American English in all sectors of society. It is not usually found in more formal writing; however some sources describe it as acceptable US English, no longer labeling it colloquial.
There are also cases where would can appear in the condition clause in British English too, but these can be considered to be modal uses of would, indicating willingness:
If you would listen to me once in a while, you might learn something.
Also, in cases where the event of the if-clause follows that of the main clause, use of would in the if-clause is standard usage (this is similar to the aspirin example given above for will):
If it would make Bill happy, I would give him the money.[7]
Would like and could are sometimes used in condition clauses for politeness:
I'll make a pot of tea if you would like some.
Please help Mrs Brown if you could.
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