a desert vs. to desert (pronounce)

Дата публикации: Jan 14, 2016 11:28:17 AM

desert noun BrE /ˈdezət/ ; NAmE /ˈdezərt/

[countable, uncountable] a large area of land that has very little water and very few plants growing on it. Many deserts are covered by sand.

vs.

desert verb BrE /dɪˈzɜːt/ ; NAmE /dɪˈzɜːrt/

1. [transitive] desert somebody to leave somebody without help or support

synonym abandon

She was deserted by her husband.

Don’t worry—I won’t desert you.

2. [transitive, often passive] desert something to go away from a place and leave it empty

synonym abandon

The villages had been deserted.

The owl seems to have deserted its nest.

3. [intransitive, transitive] desert (something) to leave the armed forces without permission

Large numbers of soldiers deserted as defeat became inevitable.

4. [transitive] desert something (for something) to stop using, buying or supporting something

Why did you desert teaching for politics?

5. [transitive] desert somebody if a particular quality deserts you, it is not there when you need it

Her courage seemed to desert her for a moment.

+

deserted adjective BrE /dɪˈzɜːtɪd/ ; NAmE /dɪˈzɜːrtɪd/

1. (of a place) with no people in it

deserted streets

The office was completely deserted.

2. left by a person or people who do not intend to return

synonym abandoned

a deserted village

deserted wives

Другие примеры смещения ударения (stress shift):

preSENT (verb) – PRESent (noun)

reFER (verb) – REFerence (noun)

exTRACT (verb) – EXtract (noun)

inCREASE (verb) – INcrease (noun)

obJECT (verb) – OBject (noun)

в глаголах смещение на второй слог

Другие части речи, образованные от существительных и глаголов, имеют следующие типичные модели ударения:

Прилагательные обычно ударные на первом слоге или повторяют ударение существительных, от которых они были образованы: fate (сущ.) – FATal (прилаг.); COLor (сущ.) – COLorful (прилаг.). Но ударение может меняться в более длинных производных прилагательных: METal (сущ.) – meTALlic (прилаг.); ATHlete (сущ.) – athLETic (прилаг.); geOLogy (сущ.) – 'geo'LOGical (прилаг.); ARgument (сущ.) – 'argu'MENtative (прилаг.).

Наречия обычно ударные на первом слоге или повторяют ударение прилагательных, от которых они были образованы: ANgry – ANgrily; WONderful – WONderfully; FOOLish – FOOLishly; athLETic – athLETically.

Герундий и причастия повторяют ударение глаголов, от которых они были образованы: forGET (забывать) – forGETting – forGOTten; CANcel (отменять) – CANceling – CANceled; 'ORga'nize (организовать) – 'ORga'nizing – ORganized.