Photography and technology have been linked as both have developed, from the early 1900s to now. Technology has added meaning to the world of photography because it has continually expanded the possibilities of what photographers can capture and how they are able to do this (from blurry artful pictorial images to high contrast modernist images). As technology has progressed, it has also changed what society is like and provided themes of fear, innovation and progress for photographers to reflect on through their work.
A movement that shows the impact of technology on photography is Abstract & Modernist Photography which was prevalent in the 1910s-1930s. In this movement, photographers emphasised the opportunities cameras provided as a mechanical tool (Art Gallery of NSW, 2023). The Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York describes the intention of this movement, "Photography should celebrate rather than disguise as a medium’s unrivalled capacity to present the world “as it is”” (Bengua, J. 2014). Abstract photographers experimented with creative techniques, like double exposures, which is where the photographer exposes the film in the camera twice by taking one photo over another (StudioBinder, 2021). In double exposures both images are slightly transparent, creating a ghostlike image.
This movement was important because it shows how photographers were no longer using traditional art practises and they started to create meaning through abstract and non-literal representations. Abstract and modernist photographers sought to engage viewers on an emotional level, encouraging them to connect with the images' abstract concepts rather than relying on literal and obvious ideas. This has lead to the current role of the photographer in society being someone who conveys complex ideas and emotions visually. It has also meant that some photographers continue to reflect on the impact of technology through their work, such as Edward Burtynsky's 'Manufactured Landscapes' series (2003) which shows the effect of industrialisation on the environment or a vast array of people who now use AI software as a part of their digital art creations.
From advancements in the camera itself and its ability to capture images to the desire to move beyond simply documenting to engaging viewers on a deeper emotional level, technology has shaped the way that meaning is made in photography.
Unsplash (2020) 'Prosthetic Arm Visualisation,' URL
Kesting (1944) 'Dore Hoyer,' URL Redacted
Kesting (1932) 'Dean Goodelle,' URL Redacted
Kesting (1947) 'Portrait of Mary Wigman,' URL Redacted
A - Kesting photographed a variety of renowned dancers and choreographers when creating photographs, including Dora Hoyer, who was known for an innovative approach to dancing in the 1920s; free dance rather than ballet (Mumok, n.d.). For this reason, his audience would include those who are interested in dance. He was also a sculptural artist before becoming a photographer and his work pushed boundaries of what photography could be so his work would be attractive to people who appreciate modern and experimental art (Lapetitemelancolie, 2011). In 1936, Kesting was banned from exhibiting work which reflected how German Socialists were supressing experimental art (Lapetitemelancolie, 2011) and so an audience may be interested in his work due to the historic significance.
I - The intention of many of Kesting's works was to show the dramatic nature of dance. For example, in 'Dore Hoyer 1, 1939,' Hoyer was the subject because she was known for her cutting edge dance styles which were far more emotionally expressive and personal than ballet which was about proper technique. Kesting captured the raw emotional expression of dance through his photos.
M - The main subject in this photo is Dora Hoyer, the dancer. Her costume and expressive poses convey her role and emotions. The background is minimal and dark, almost black. This draws attention to the details of the dancer and emphasises her movements as collection of shapes, which makes the image more about her choreography and body movements than her as a person. It looks like it could have been shot in a studio and the artificial butterfly portrait lighting centred on her face adds drama to her features and movements (Parson, 2023). The key action is the dancer who is on the lower right side of the image, putting her hands up, almost indicating, 'stop.' On the left side, a bit higher than her is the impression of a man made through a double exposure and it looks like he is approaching her. It seems as though she is pushing away a male intruder.
M - This photo was made using multiple exposures, which is where the photographer takes two photos on the same piece of film. This creates interesting visual effects and in this photo it enhances the sense of movement but also makes the male figure seem more ghost-like or difficult to identify. The image is taken from a higher angle which makes Hoyer look more afraid of the male figure as she is presented below him and viewers of the photo are made to look down on her. By filling the frame, the photographer puts the audience close to this conflict and in the middle of the action which could heighten the sense of drama or discomfort that they feel.
E - This photograph was captured before digital editing but it has been suggested that perhaps Kesting used photomontage, which is a technique where multiple images are cut together. Some suggest he used himself as the male figure which micould create more personal connection to the image for him (Mumok, n.d.).
Movement conveying emotions
Portraits conveying emotions
Black and white so people pay attention to details
Emphasise on shapes and movements, not just peoples factial expressions
Conveying specific emotions? Maybe a different emotion for each photo in series
Multiple Exposures?
Multiple exposure on Photoshop
A - I would like to create a series that would be shown in an Art Gallery or be shared online on Art blogs and through social media. It will be aimed towards younger people as they will feature in the images.
I - My intention will be to show my friends emotions in creative ways. I will ask them what they look like when they are experiencing emotions that feel good and what they look like when they are experiencing emotions that feel bad. I want to show the range of emotions that people can experience and how that makes your body do different things (for example, some people get angry and move around and shout when they are experiencing difficult emotions but others collapse inwards on themselves and fold their arms or look downward).
M - I will use different friends as the subjects for each image. As I want to draw attention to their shapes and expressions, the background will be minimal and I will shoot in the studio. I will use the white wall as the background and use a single studio light in front of each subject and placed close to them with the aim of creating the same dramatic butterfly light effect as Kesting in his images. I don't think I will use props but I can ask people if when they are experiencing good or bad emotions if there are any objects linked to that and consider including them.
M - I will use fill the frame to make the photos seem intimate and vulnerable. I want the viewer to feel like they are surrounded by the emotions when they view the images. I will use a low aperture so that the background is blurred and non distracting. I will aim to have the camera at a straight angle, not up or down, to look directly at the subjects and their positions.
E- I will use the blending mode on photoshop and experiment with different options to create a double exposure effect where I put one image over the other. I will also edit the images to be black and white.
Week 12
Single - Create interview questions to ask friends about their good and bad emotions and positions / expressions that represent these
Week 13
45 min - Interview friends
Double - Draw layout plans for what photos can look like based on answers to interviews
Single - Photograph subjects in studio
Week 14
45 min - Search online and learn about creating double exposures on Photoshop
Double - Photograph more subjects
Single - Edit Photos
Week 15
45 min - Edit Photos
Double - Final edits / Submit
Art Gallery of NSW (2023) 'Photography: Modernism' URL
Bengua, J. (2014) 'Photographic Art Movement: Modernist Photography' URL
Burtynsky, E. (2003) 'Manufactured Landscapes' URL
Lapetitemelancolie (2011) 'Little Melancholy' URL Redacted
Mumok (n.d) 'Edmund Kesting Dora Hoyer' URL
Parson (2023) 'Portrait Lighting' URL
StudioBinder (2021) 'What is a Double Exposure?' URL