In this chapter, an overview of work directed toward the electrochemical process in manufacturing was presented. Different types of materials, including metals, metal oxides, non-oxides, as well as conducting polymers, are addressed. For metals, their microstructure, particularly in low dimension, as well as mechanical properties and optical properties were addressed. Besides, the morphology control and growth behaviors of metal oxide thin layers under electrochemical process were described in detail. In addition, the electrochemical process in fabricating silicon, non-oxides, and conductive polymers was also discussed. Finally, applications of electrochemical process in various areas, such as microfabrication, energy conversion and storage, and drug delivery, were discussed. In future, the investigation of electrochemical process will be continuously exciting and highly rewarding and there is a lot of space for innovating and developing:

1. Electrochemical process is a low-energy process and therefore uniquely suited to applications that need to deal with modification of soft matter of various types. It could be combined with self-assembled templates to prepare nanomaterials with exciting properties.
2. Great achievements with the manufacturing of a number of materials and their assemblies have been realized, while significant challenges still exist in low-cost deposition process, especially preparation of uniform arrays at large scale.
3. There are still huge challenges in the delivering magnetic structures with dimension in the range of several tens of nanometers. These challenges could be addressed by full control of the conditions at the electrochemical interface for additive adsorption and incorporation, iron hydroxide formation and incorporation, and by careful design of the bath chemistries and processes that would yield the high moment alloys with the optimum magnetic properties.
4. Electrochemical process for solar cells is an active area of research, and it has been shown to provide improved benefits in several solar technologies. For the silicon solar cell contacts, fabrication of metal contacts may result in solar cell efficiency improvement due to a lower processing temperature with better yield than screen printing, improved contact resistance, lower overall resistance, and the ability to fabricate small contacts that reflect the sunlight less.
5. The process of electrochemical deposition can be deployed to prepare simple, economical, and effective medical devices.

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