Rezumat

Una dintre cele mai importante considerații în timpul prelucrării este utilizarea fluidului de tăiere potrivit în funcție de operația de prelucrare. Tehnica de aplicare și cerințele de debit sunt din nou o funcție a operațiunii. Debitele lichidului de răcire și presiunile de livrare pot varia de la 20 la 2.000 l/min și 15 până la 100 bar. Aceste variații necesită modele speciale pentru duze și filtre. Celălalt aspect important este selectarea fluidului de tăiere, care se bazează pe următoarele considerente cheie: prelucrabilitate, compatibilitate și rentabilitate. Prelucrabilitatea definește cerința funcțională a fluidului de tăiere: fie o răcire mai mare, fie o lubrifiere mai mare. Severitatea operațiunii de prelucrare poate fi contracarată de aditivi pe bază de clor/sulf din uleiul mineral, care îi sporesc capacitatea portantă. Condițiile de compatibilitate sunt cruciale; ar trebui să fie nereactiv și necoroziv pentru piesa de prelucrat și mașina unealtă. Compatibilitatea cu sănătatea operatorului este de o importanță capitală, deoarece unele dintre fluidele de tăiere pot prezenta pericole pentru sănătatea respiratorie și a pielii, care trebuie evitate cu orice preț. Datorită legilor stricte de mediu, costul eliminării în siguranță a fluidului de tăiere trebuie să fie luat în considerare în costul total de prelucrare. Din cauza acestor probleme, se desfășoară cercetări active în domeniul prelucrării uscate și al lubrifierii în cantități minime cu uleiuri vegetale ecologice, spre deosebire de uleiurile minerale sau sintetice. Prelucrarea criogenică cu azot lichid s-a dovedit eficientă și în prelucrarea aliajelor aerospațiale.

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