Prelucrarea mecanică reprezintă unul dintre cele mai importante procese de fabricație din industria modernă. Cu toate acestea, o varietate de probleme de mediu au fost identificate a fi asociate cu procesele de prelucrare. Aceste probleme includ consumul de energie/resurse, emisiile în aer, deversarea apelor uzate, deșeurile solide și riscurile pentru sănătatea ocupațională. Utilizarea omniprezentă a fluidelor de tăiere în operațiunile de prelucrare este cauza principală a majorității problemelor. Drept urmare, în ultimele două decenii, eforturile de cercetare și dezvoltare privind prelucrarea ecologică s-au concentrat în mare parte pe reducerea impactului asupra mediului datorită utilizării fluidelor de tăiere. În acest capitol, a fost oferită o analiză cuprinzătoare a acestor eforturi. Tehnologiile de separare și filtrare au fost dezvoltate și utilizate pentru a prelungi durata de viață a fluidelor de tăiere prin îndepărtarea particulelor, uleiuri libere și alți contaminanți.
Machining represents one of the most important manufacturing processes in modern industry. However, a variety of environmental issues have been identified to be associated with machining processes. These issues include energy/resource consumption, airborne emissions, wastewater discharge, solid wastes, and occupational health risks. The ubiquitous use of cutting fluids in machining operations is the primary cause of most of the issues. As a result, in the past two decades research and development efforts on environmentally friendly machining have been largely focusing on reducing environmental impacts due to the use of cutting fluids. In this chapter, a comprehensive review was provided on these efforts. Separation and filtration technologies have been developed and utilized to extend the life span of cutting fluids by removing particulates, free oils, and other contaminants.
Formulări noi, pe bază bio, au fost concepute pentru a înlocui fluidele pe bază de petrol, care oferă o toxicitate mai mică și o biodegradabilitate mai mare, fără a sacrifica performanța de prelucrare. Dezvoltarea de noi materiale de scule și acoperire face posibilă, de asemenea, reducerea sau chiar eliminarea dependenței de fluidele de tăiere în timpul prelucrării. În prelucrarea uscată și prelucrarea cu lubrifiere în cantitate minimă (MQL), răcirea eficientă este realizată prin furnizarea de cantități mici de azot lichid, aer, apă, vapori sau CO2 refrigerat. Pe lângă aceste tehnici, procesul de prelucrare poate fi optimizat pentru un impact redus asupra mediului, în special consumul de energie și amprenta de carbon. Pentru multe dintre noile tehnici, s-a realizat o penetrare industrială limitată, în principal din cauza barierelor economice și de cunoaștere, o problemă care trebuie abordată de comunitatea de cercetare și de industria mașinilor-unelte în colaborare.
New, bio-based formulations have been designed to replace petroleum-based fluids, which deliver lower toxicity and higher biodegradability without sacrificing machining performance. The development of new tool materials and coating also makes it possible to reduce or even eliminate the reliance on cutting fluids during machining. In dry machining and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) machining, effective cooling is achieved by delivering small amount of liquid nitrogen, air, water, vapor, or refrigerated CO2. In addition to these techniques, machining process can be optimized for reduced environmental impacts, especially energy consumption and carbon footprint. For many of the new techniques, limited industrial penetration has been achieved, mainly due to economic and knowledge barriers, an issue that has to be addressed by the research community and the machine tool industry collaboratively.

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