After complete colonization of africa, the rulers were from Britain, French, Purtagalis and Germans.  Under the British colonialism, South Africa and Zimbabwe had significant white population that was permanently settled there.  British Policy maker envisaged some form of independent status these countries were governed by direct rule.  Rest of British African Colonies were governed by indirect rule. Under this concept of rule, British hold authority through native black rulers and strengthened a myriad of traditional forms of leadership within their colonies. French colonialism was based on a highly centralised form of direct rule in which each colony was divided according to the administrative sub-divisions. French officials directly administered at the highest levels, and Africans considered loyal to France were appointed to administer at the lower levels and concept of policy of assimilation was envisaged.  All African subjects to theoretically achieve the status of full-fledged French citizens if they fullfilled few conditions, like formal education, cullture, Christianity, property etc. Several Africans, such as Leopold Sedar Senghor of Senegal, fully embraced this policy to achieve the status of evolve and lead prestigious political careers both prior to and after independence of his country. The Belgian and Portuguese colonies were similar to the French and they desire to create a class of evolves. The Belgians deemed their approach "Scientific colonialism" in an effort to put the best public face in front.  In reality, it was an extremely despotic form of governance designed to promote Belgian economic interest.