It was the earliest kind of formal nationalism. Each national organism has its own peculiar individuality, a gift of nature and it is the duty of the individuals who are a part of this organism to cultivate that particular genius. Nationalitie are distinguished from one another by historical traditions, by the possession of their own language, literature, system of education, customs and in a well developed nationality by the possession of 'national soul'. One nationality from another include factors such as geography climate, historical traditions, language, literature, education and manners. Similarly, concept of 'people' meant a people who share a common language and historical tradition would have the means and inclination to assert the principle of popular sovereignty and to ensure the operation of political democracy. It is the national institutions which form the genius, the character, the taste, of a people which make one and not another, which inspire the ardent love of the country founded on habits impossible to trace back to their sources. 'The human race' is one whole, we work and suffer, sow and harvest each for all.  It is irrational despotism that seeks to bring peoples of different nationalities unde one rule. Individual best serves mankind through service to the nation and cultivation of the particular genius of the nation. Wherever a separate language is found, a separate nation exists. 'The first, original and true natural boundaries of states are beyond doubt their internal boundaries. Those who speak the same language are joined to each other by a multitude of invisible bonds by nature itself. The language nationa patriots of all countries have used when they have sought to engender resistance to foreign rule. It was out of such appeal to unity that the German national state finally emerged. Unless a nation becomes economically self-sufficient, it could not survive as a political entity.  Mazzini was humanitarian scholor who work for unification and national unity of Italy. He argued that every people have its special mission and that mission constitutes its nationality. He wrote, 'Humanity is the association of nationalities, the alliance of peoples in order to work out their missions in peace and love; the organisation of free and equal peoples that shall advance without hindrance and impediment'.   Mazzini believed that the nation-state was the medium and agency through which history manifests itself in its progressive development towards greater human freedom. Through association in nations, individuals are able to fulfill their destiny in a way that would be impossible for them as isolated individuals. Over and above individuals, comprising them in their totality is Humanity and humanity manifests itself most clearly in nationalities. Humanitarian scholar advocates for duties towards the nation rather than rights from the nation.