Sustainable Developments

Development in a country is a process of continuous growth of standard of living of the citizens of a country. Development is called sustainable if agencies responsible for developmental activities wisely use available resources. Sustainable development requires equal respect to all, either living being or natural resources and is based on the idea of co-existence.  Definition of sustainable developments varies from country to country and place to place.  In under developed countries, development means road, public transport, cheap ration, public education and health facilities, institutional agricultural support etc.  In developed countries, development is related to capital oriented growth, and particularly explained in terms of trade and commerce.  For example, exploitation and profiting of timber business in equatorial forest region is development for MNCs while it is exploitation and socio-economic degrading for the African and Latin American Countries.  The fanatic development with huge exploitation of resources causes the environmental degradation, ecological crises and socio-ecological disasters.  Most severe impact of development is ecological, like global warming, ozone layer depletion, emission of nuclear radiation and other types of pollutions; those have crossed the tolerance limits. It is required that development must adhere to minimum environmental standards and safety norms. UN Convention on Sustainable Development also identified a list of Social, Environmental, Economic and Institutional indicators to achieve the target. The developed countries are reluctant towards degrading environment, regional identity, deteriorating economic conditions and rising regional disparities. Therefore, non-sustainable development is criticized for increasing social inequalities, regional disparities, displacement of people and spread of disease and hunger.