Why Are Error Positive?

2. “Acceptance” and “Agreement”. “Acceptance” means accepting someone’s proposal. For example, there are two options for final year examination, one Open Book Online Exam and Other is Pen & Paper Based Exam. A student has to “accept” one of these two mode of examinations. Once she/he accepts any one option, then it will be said that she/he has acceptance of that mode of examination. 

3. “Agreement” means reaching on a consensus point by all parties which are engaged in trade/task/activity etc. For example, a fruit seller opens price of one kilogram apple to a buyer as Rs. 180/-. But buyer is willing to buy apples at price of Rs. 120/- per kilogram. After several rounds of negotiations, both agreed to trade at rate of Rs. 150/- per kilogram. Here we said that agreement between them was solemnized at price of Rs. 150/-. 

4. Why do we require to reach at Acceptance Value or Agreement? “Acceptance” is necessary to carryout a trade. If someone has not accepted an agreement (i.e. not agree to mutual consensus act), then in later time she/he may denied to trade. 

5. “Accepted Value” in Physics accepted value of a parameter or universal constants are measured by scientists by using highly calibrated measuring instruments and advanced measuring methods. These values are accepted universally by all laboratories and academia. For example, ‘g’ at sea level is 9.8 meter per second square. “High Precision Value” in Science, high precision values are measured with those instruments which has maximum possible capability to measure smallest value (minimum least count). Why do we require to reach at Acceptance Value or Agreement? 

6. “Error” in science/trade, error is difference between what you agreed and what you get. For example, in a trade/ measurement, it was agreed that there would be money transaction of Rs. 10,250/- But by any reason, Rs. 10,255/- was transacted. So, there is an error of Rs. 5/- in that transaction. Received Rs. 10,250/-? Yes, Received Rs. 10,250/- Transacted Rs. 10,255/- Error in Transaction is of Rs. 5/- 

7. What is error? In trade, one’s GAIN is other’s LOSS. Therefore, individually, one has positive value and other has negative value. But about an agreed value, both have got different values. One has excess of Rs. 5/- and other has deficiency of Rs. 5/-. So, on the basis of principle of trade ethics, if both do not agreed on this excess Rs. 5/- then both are making errors as in future, they have no further trade agreements. 

8. What is error in Science? Principle of measurements in Science are based on tolerable “approximate” observations. For example, you went market to buy a socket for a pipe of 1” diameter. From shopkeeper, you asked price. He told you that it will cost Rs. 180/- for one piece. You agreed and paid Rs. 180/- to him. BUT by Mistake Shopkeeper packs 1.5” socket costing Rs. 280/-. 

9. What is error in Science? In home, you came to know that it is not that socket you actually want. You returned back to that shop and complained to that shopkeeper about it is wrong socket and request to change it. Shopkeeper replied, Sir keep it. I have given you larger valued 1.5” socket. You should not complain about it. Are you welcome his kindness? No, either you asked him to return money or replace it. Why? Because, it has no use. 

10. What is error in Science? Think about this conversation if you asked shopkeeper for a socket of 1.5” diameter pipe and he packed a 1” diameter socket. Are you welcome his kindness again? diameter for a pipe of 1.5” diameter? 

11. Yes, you will accept this socket. It can be used with some treatments. Treatments? Yes, treatments. For socket having larger diameter can be fitted by using plumber’s tape to clamp tightly. And Socket having lesser diameter can be fitted tightly without using any filling material. It means, socket is acceptable with tolerable errors. Will you accept the socket of 1.51” diameter or 1.49” diameter for a pipe of 1.5” diameter? 

12. But certainly you will NOT accept the socket of 1.6” diameter or 1.4” diameter for a pipe of 1.5” diameter. Because, from the principle of measurements, in Science those measurements which are beyond the tolerable errors have no use. You can not fit 1.6” diameter or 1.4” diameter socket in a pipe having 1.5” diameter any how. Error difference 1.6”-1.5”=+0.1” or 1.4”-1.5”=-0.1” Both represent useless measured quantity. So, we can not say that –ve error compensate to +ve error. Here, Error is Always Error Either +ve Or –ve. 

13. Errors means unfit to accept or useless for the purpose or not acceptable for good trade practice. Due to above reasons, we always take ERRORS as Absolute Value (Positive in All Cases) irrespective of they are positive or negative. ERRORS ARE ALWAYS ERRORS. Unfit to accept or useless for purpose or not acceptable for good trade practice are have both positive or negative observations.