Hardware configuration

Recognizing hardware on a current Linux system

General information and tools

dmesg

dmidecode

ipmi-tool

lshw

Machine

Hardware vendor/model

Bear in mind that DMI information is very dependent on the vendor's implementation, and is not always available.

On an HP desktop:

 /sys/class/dmi/id/product_name

HP Compaq dc5800 Small Form Factor

 /sys/class/dmi/id/product_version

On an IBM/Lenovo ThinkPad:

 /sys/class/dmi/id/product_name

1872V2B

 /sys/class/dmi/id/product_version

ThinkPad T43

Motherboard (mostly on desktops/laptops)

 /sys/class/dmi/id/board_vendor

Hewlett-Packard

 /sys/class/dmi/id/board_name

2820h

CPU

lscpu from the util-linux package:

$ lscpu

Architecture:          x86_64

CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit

Byte Order:            Little Endian

CPU(s):                2

On-line CPU(s) list:   0,1

Thread(s) per core:    1

Core(s) per socket:    2

Socket(s):             1

NUMA node(s):          1

Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel

CPU family:            6

Model:                 23

Stepping:              6

CPU MHz:               2533.000

BogoMIPS:              5053.73

L1d cache:             32K

L1i cache:             32K

L2 cache:              3072K

NUMA node0 CPU(s):     0,1

You can use /proc/cpuinfo as well but it requires more parsing.

"physical id" = socket#

"cpu cores" = cores

"core id" = core# (not linear! separate numbering per socket! for example, you have the IDs 0 1 9 10 per each socket on a 4-core Xeon)

"siblings" = threads

Individual parameters can be found in sysfs.

Number of CPU cores and threads

HP dc5800 / Core2Duo E7200:

 /sys/devices/system/cpu/online

0-1

ProLiant DL360 G7 / Xeon E5620:

 /sys/devices/system/cpu/online

0-15

Number of threads in each core (SMP n-way)

E7200 (1-way):

 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/topology/thread_siblings_list

E5620 (2-way):

 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/topology/thread_siblings_list

0,8

Clock (frequency) in kHz

Maximum/Minimum

 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq

 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_min_freq

Current (root only)

 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_cur_freq

Frequency scaling governor

/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor

ondemand

Architecture

$ uname -p

x86_64

Supported features

$ grep -m1 ^flags /proc/cpuinfo

flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm sse4_1 lahf_lm dts

RAM

/proc/meminfo

/sys/devices/system/node/node0/meminfo

free -m (parses /proc/meminfo...)

vmstat -s -S M

Storage

Disks and partitions

Generic, basic information about physical devices (works on old Linux versions as well)

$ cat /proc/partitions

major minor  #blocks  name

   8        0  120060864 sda

   8        1      71680 sda1

   8        2  119987200 sda2

 253        0  119986172 dm-0

 253        1   26214400 dm-1

 253        2   20971520 dm-2

 253        3    2097152 dm-3

Block devices: physical location and hiearchy. Includes LVM (device-mapper) devices.

$ ls -l /sys/block/

total 0

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Jan 12 11:43 dm-0 -> ../devices/virtual/block/dm-0

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Jan 11 14:15 dm-1 -> ../devices/virtual/block/dm-1

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Jan 11 14:15 dm-2 -> ../devices/virtual/block/dm-2

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Jan 11 14:15 dm-3 -> ../devices/virtual/block/dm-3

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Jan 11 14:15 sda -> ../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Jan 12 11:43 sr0 -> ../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host1/target1:0:0/1:0:0:0/block/sr0

The lsscsi command works with IDE and Serial ATA as well:

$ lsscsi -d

[0:0:0:0]    disk    ATA      Maxtor 6Y120M0   YAR5  /dev/sda [8:0]

[1:0:0:0]    cd/dvd  ATAPI    DVD D  DH16D3S   SH37  /dev/sr0 [11:0]

lsblk gives a nice detailed overview:

$ lsblk -a

NAME                     MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT

sda                        8:0    0 114.5G  0 disk

|-sda1                     8:1    0    70M  0 part  /boot

`-sda2                     8:2    0 114.4G  0 part

  `-cr_sda2 (dm-0)       253:0    0 114.4G  0 crypt

    |-system-home (dm-1) 253:1    0    25G  0 lvm   /home

    |-system-root (dm-2) 253:2    0    20G  0 lvm   /

    `-system-swap (dm-3) 253:3    0     2G  0 lvm   [SWAP]

sr0                       11:0    1  1024M  0 rom

Optional columns (very rare with Linux utilities!) - most of them are available for root only:

# lsblk -n -o NAME,KNAME,FSTYPE,UUID,SIZE,TYPE

sda                      sda                                                      114.5G disk

|-sda1                   sda1  ext4        f16c1a22-83d5-477f-b9c1-2ab6e51e2a84      70M part

`-sda2                   sda2  crypto_LUKS 12c6a7c5-3aba-44d1-bf59-9ba9fcf2041d   114.4G part

  `-cr_sda2 (dm-0)       dm-0  LVM2_member POILkH-7nel-5wjA-8iZZ-vwYB-4WBr-9kgBpc 114.4G crypt

    |-system-home (dm-1) dm-1  ext4        0e32fb87-3c8d-4e2b-b406-a6d035500188      25G lvm

    |-system-root (dm-2) dm-2  ext4        3dc2fc2b-931e-492c-bd73-c1241e55c10e      20G lvm

    `-system-swap (dm-3) dm-3  swap        16cb90d7-7d2f-4948-9b9b-a527e880d2bf       2G lvm

sr0                      sr0                                                       1024M rom

A way to determine ATA port to device mapping

Details from dmesg:

[    1.092442] ata1.00: ATA-7: Maxtor 6Y120M0, YAR51HW0, max UDMA/133

[    1.092121] ata2.00: ATAPI: ATAPI   DVD D  DH16D3S, SH37, max UDMA/100

Note that ataX numbering starts from 1.

In the example, ata1 maps to host0 in the SCSI naming hierarchy, which can be identified by looking at the unique_id entry:

$ for host in $(find /sys/devices/pci*/*/host* -prune); do [ -d "$host"/target* ] && ls -d "$host"/target*/*/block/*; done

/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda

/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host1/target1:0:0/1:0:0:0/block/sr0

$ for host in $(find /sys/devices/pci*/*/host* -prune); do [ -d "$host"/target* ] && ls -1 "$host"/scsi_host/$(basename "$host")/unique_id; done

/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/scsi_host/host0/unique_id

/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host1/scsi_host/host1/unique_id

$ cat /sys/devices/pci0000\:00/0000\:00\:1f.2/host0/scsi_host/host0/unique_id

There is a separate tree for ata* devices in sysfs, without reference to the physical bus/host mapping.

$ ls -1d /sys/devices/pci*/*/ata*

/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/ata1

/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/ata2

/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.5/ata3

/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.5/ata4

Filesystems

df -PTh -t ext3 -t ext4