Timeline
BTS - a 'label brand' of Cseke Rt, Hungary
Giant rims (P-XC, S-XC...) - probably DT Swiss
Giant Tracker hubs - probably Formula
Giant Connect seatpost, stem, bar - probably JD Components = TranzX
Fulcrum wheels = Campagnolo: "Fulcrum wheels are made by Campagnolo, they’re essentially the same but they picked a neutral name that allows non-Campagnolo equipped bikes to use their wheels happily." [source]
Maddux wheels/rims = Jalco Industries, Taiwan
Magicshine = Shenzhen Minjun, China
Novatec = Joytech
PRO = Shimano
Ryde rims = new name of Rigida
Thumbs Up (vulcanizing/patch kit) = Ying Paio, Taiwan
Vuelta rims - a brand of Rodi, Portugal
Torelli rims = Ambrosio (Torelli Master = Ambrosio Excellence)
Dorel Industries 2015 = Cannondale (2008), Charge, GT (2001), Iron Horse, Mongoose, Schwinn (2001) etc
Esperia Group 2015 = Esperia, Bottecchia, Torpado (2001), Graziella, Stucchi, 4US, Fondriest (2006)
Merida = 49% of Specialized
Salomon
-> owns Adidas
-> owns Mavic
-> Mavic shoes = Adidas (road) and Salomon (MTB)
Selle Royal
-> introduced Fi:zi'k
-> owns Crank Brothers
-> owns Brooks
...I just started writing down this list :)
Scamp = bikediszkont.hu (HU)
MR Projekt = mr-projekt.com = bikediszkont.hu (HU)
Dartmoor Bikes = VELO sp. z o.o. (PL)
NS Bikes = 7ANNA sp. z o.o. Sp. K. (PL)
Octane One = 7Anna Sp. z o.o. Sp. K. (PL) Gdansk
Prodigy = 26bikes.com / INTERBIKES S.C. (PL)
Duncon = DunCon Bikes Sp. z.o.o.
Kross (PL)
Author (CZ)
Merida UMF (TW)
Salt = we make Things GmbH (DE)
Nox = HAWK BIKE Sales GmbH (DE)
Spank = Spank Industries Co., Ltd. (TW)
Mutant = Mutant Bikes (PT)
Atomlab (USA)
Identiti = Ison Distribution Ltd. (UK)