02-Present Tense

Signs of Fi'il Mudhari'

1) Starts with the letters = ا ن ي ت

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2) Words that come after:

a) سَ (will) = the verb after this word will be in action soon (a short while later).
        eg. he will go soon (he is going) . سَيَذْهَبُ

b) سَوْفَ (will)  = the verb after this word will be in action later.
        eg. he will go (later)  سَوْفَ يَذْهَبُ

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3) Fi'il Mudhari' is Mu'-rab مُعْرَبٌ with the presence of an 'Amil before it.

 (1) These are the 'Amils  حَرْفُ نَصْبٍ  that will change the ending of a Fi'il Mudhari' :- 

أَنْ  لَنْ  إِذَنْ  كَي  لِ   حَتَّى  
EXAMPLE:
The last harakat for the word يَدْخُلُ  will change to = لَنْ يَدْخُلَ    
(2) These are the next set of  'Amils  حَرْفُ جَزْمٍ that will change the ending of a Fi'il Mudhari' :- 

لَمْ  لَمَّ  لاَ  لِ  إِنْ  وَلْ  فَلْ  

EXAMPLE:  
The last harakat for the word  يَفْعَلُ will change to = لَمْ يَفْعَلْ
Click these links for more details = حَرْفُ نَصْبٍ   and  حَرْفُ جَزْمٍ
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4) May have Nun tawkid at the end. ( Nun for Emphasis = Surely )
  يَدْخُلُ  becomes =  يَدْخُلَنْ   OR يَدْخُلَنَّ  Surely he will enter ..    

Types of Nun :
(1)     النُّونُ مِنَ الأَفْعَالِ الْخَمْسَةِ 

نُونُ انِّسْوَةِ   (2)

نُونُ التَّوْكِيدِ   (3)

Passive Present Tense  فِعل مضارع مَجْهُول

The Doer is not mentioned. We don't know who is the Doer.
Examples:
- Observe the Wazan harakat "pattern" - it begins with Dhomma, sukun, Fathah. 

  it is being entered  يُدْخَلُ  he enters   يَدْخُلُ

 It is being written  يُكْتَبُ  he writes   يَكْتُبُ

 it is being washed يُغْسَلُ   he washes   يَغْسِلُ 

 it is being carried يُحْمَلُ   he carries    يَحْمِلُ 

Full Saraf  of Fi'il Mudhari' Majhool
for the word = يُدْخَلُ : is being entered

يُدْخَلُ    يُدْخَلَانِ   يُدْخَلُونَ

تُدْخَلُ    تُدْخَلَانِ     يُدْخَلْنَ

تُدْخَلُ     تُدْخَلَانِ   تُدْخَلُونَ

تُدْخَلِينَ    تُدْخَلَانِ     تُدْخَلْنَ

أَنَا أُدْخَلُ     نَحنُ نُدْخَلُ

Random Examples of Fi'il Mudhori' with Harfu NaSbin

لَنْ يُنْزِلَ  = He will not send down

لَنْ تُنْزِلِي  = you(f) will not send down

لِكَي أُنْزِلَ  = So that I send down (supaya) 

حَتَّ يُنْزِلاَ   = until both of them send down

حَتَّ تُنْزِلاَ  = until both of them(f) send down

إِذَنْ تُنْزِلُواْ  = in that case all of you send down

إِذَنْ نُنْزِلَ  = in that case we send down

أَنْ يُنْزِلُواْ  = they to send down

The Presence of an 'Aamil - Harfu Jazmin  حَرْفُ جَزْمٍ

Refer to Harfu Jazm for more details.

Fiil Mudharik that comes after Harfu Jazmin.  

- It makes the singular present tense verb that comes after it to jazm = clip off the last letter =  becomes sukoon.

- It makes the pair and plural present tense verb that comes after it to loose the letter nun
النُّونُ مِنَ الأَفْعَالِ الخَمْسةِ

The act of Jazm (becomes sukun at the end) can only be applied to Fi'il Mudhori' 

لَمْ = did not or never
Other than Harfu NaSbin, it is also a Harfu Qalbin = حَرْفُ قَلْبٍ
= Fiil mudharik (present tense) will be translated as Fiil Madhi (past tense) 

لَمَّ = not yet     

لَا  = don't (laa nahi) eg. Do not kill   لاَ تُقَاتِلُواْ

لِ = should (lam amr) , hendaklah

إِنْ = if

وَلْ  فَلْ  = should

Sarf with "Lam" لَمْ 

(Harfu "Qalbin" = makes the Fi'il mudharik becomes madhi.)

هُوَ He did not go (went) down = لَمْ يُنْزِلْ 

هُمَا The two of them (male) never go (went) down = لَمْ يُنْزِلَا

هُم They (male) never go (went) down = لَمْ يُنْزِلُوا

هِيَ She never go down (went) = لَمْ تُنْزِلْ

هُمَا The two of them (female) never go down (went) = لَمْ تُنْزِلَا

هُنَّ They (female) never go down (went) = لَمْ يُنْزِلْنَ

أَنْتَ You (male) never go down (went) =  لَمْ تُنْزِلْ

أَنتُمَا The two of you (male) never go down (went) = لَمْ تُنْزِلَا

أَنتُم You all (male) never go down (went) = لَمْ تُنْزِلُوا

أَنتِ You (female) never go down (went) = لَمْ تُنْزِلي

أَنتُمَا The two of you (male) never go down (went) = لَمْ تُنْزِلا

أنتُنَّ You all (female) never go down (went) = لَمْ تُنْزِلْنَ

أَنَا  I never go down (went) = أُنْزِلْ

نَحنُ We never go down (went) = نُنْزِلْ

More Examples:

لَم يَلِدْ   ,   لَم يَدخُلْ ,  فَليَعبُدُوا

لاَ تُنْزِلْ = Don't you go down!

لَمَّ يَرْجِعْ عُثْمَانُ مِنَ الْمَدْرَسَةِ = Uthman has not return from school

Two  لِ  for "Nasb" and "Jazm"

(with 2 different meanings) :-

لِيَنصُرَ =  (Nasb - Lam Ta'leel) "so that" he help 

 لِيَنصُرْ =  (Jazm - Lam Amr) he "should" help

 (one more meaning for "li" is = "for" - as harf of jarr = لِالْبيْتِ  for the house )

Fiil Mudhori' with Harfu 'illah at the end

Harfu 'illah = ا  و  ي

Litthiqal لِلثِّقَالِ 
Raf' status= The letters Wau and Ya at the end , difficult to pronounce with dhomma on it, so the harakat dhomma is removed.
See below example.

Litta'azzur لِلتَّعَذُّرِ
Raf' and NaSb status= The letter Alif,  impossible to have any harakat on it.
See below example.

Fi'il Mudhari' has no Jarr status.

1> Fiil mudhori' Marfu' with 'illah letter at the end  

يَدْعُو  
(lithhiqal - difficult to pronounce if a Dhomma is placed at the letter Wau - Dhomma is discarded)
يَهْدِى   
(lithhiqal - difficult to pronounce if a Dhomma is placed at the letter Ya - Dhomma is discarded)
يَرْضَىٰ 
(litta'azzur - impossible to have Dhomma on alif - Dhomma is discarded)  

2> Fiil mudhori' ManSub with 'illah letter at the end  
لَنْ يَدْعُوَ

لَنْ يَهْدِىَ

  (litta'azzur - the last letter alif cannot have any harakat to it - Fathah is discarded)  لَنْ يَرْضَىٰ

3>  Fiil mudhori' Majzum with 'illah letter at the end

(the last letter harfu 'illah is removed)        لَمْ يَرْضَ ,    لَمْ يَهْدِ ,   لَمْ يَدْعُ  

For the full 14 sarf kabeer, go to the Sarf page of Harfu 'illah

Fi'il Mudhari' Mu'rab

02-Fi'il  > 2.2- Present Tense >>

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2.1-Past Tense | 2.2- Present Tense
2.3- Commanding & Forbidding | 2.4- Fi'il Naqish
2.5-Fiil Mabni