04-Sarf

Morphology of Arabic words.

One word can morph into many forms.

In English:

Imagine you put the word "inform" into a machine and the machine produced :-

- inform, informs, informed, informing, information

In Arabic, the machine can produce a lot more words from a single word.
The single word that we are going to morph will begin with Fi'il Madhi (past tense) and it will grow into many patterns.

There are two types of morphings :-

صَرْف صَغِير - (small morphing of words)
= A word will change in this "small" list of 12 morphing conditions

صَرْف كَبِير - (large morphing of words)
= A word will change in this "big" list of 14 morphing conditions

Morphings occurred for words other than "Pronouns" & "Harfs".
Usually the Morphings will follow certain standard patterns.

The list of Sarf Sagheer صَرْف صَغِير 

The 12 morphing conditions based on Fi'il and Ism :

Past Tense           فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ
Present Tense  فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ
  Noun Verb - The maSdar does not follow a standard pattern     اِسْم مَصْدَر
 Doer        اِسْم فَاعِل
Object/ Victim of the action    اِسْم مَفْعُول
Commanding Verb     فِعْلُ الْأَمْرِ
Forbidding Verb     فِعْلُ النَّهْيِ
Time when the action takes place    اسم زمان
   Place where the action takes place     اسم مكان
     Tools / Items      اسم آلة
      Passive Past Tense   فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ مَجْهُول
Passive Present Tense    فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ  مَجْهُول

The list of Sarf Kabeer صَرْف كَبِير

The 14 morphing conditions are depending on the Pronoun:

هُوَ 

هُمَا 

هُمْ 

هِيَ 

هُمَا 

هُنَّ

أَنْتَ 

أَنتُمَا 

أَنتُمْ

أَنتِ 

أَنْتُمَا 

أَنْتُنَّ 

أَنَا 

نَحنُ 

Referring to the above table:
Look at the column of Ism masdar اِسْم مصدر in the above Table.   

Jarr           NaSb           Raf'
رَفْعٌ      رَفْعًا      رَفْعٍ

نَصْبٌ    نَصْبًا   نَصْبٍ 

جَرٌّ      جَرًّا         جَرٍّ     

The one listed on the Sarf Sagheer table is of the NaSb version.
The status of Raf' رَفْعٌ , NaSb نَصْبٌ , Jarr جَرٌّ are from the Raf' version of Ism MaSdar. 

--------------

Look at the column of  Ism Maf'ool  اِسْم مَفْعُول in the above Table.   

The words 

 مَرفُوعٌ 

  مَنْصُوبٌ

 مَجْرُورٌ  

are from the Raf' version of Ism Maf'ool  اِسْم مَفْعُول

Intro: Sarf Kabeer of Fi'il Madhi

(You may refer to the Lessons on Fi'il Madhi and Fi'il Mudhari' for the patterns)

هُوَ    رَفَعَ       نَصَبَ          جَرَّ

هُمَا   رَفَعَا     نَصَبَا       جَرَّا

هُمْ    رَفَعُوا    نَصَبُوا    جَرُّوا 

هِيَ     رَفَعَتْ   نَصَبَتْ    جَرَّتْ

هُمَا    رَفَعَتَا    نَصَبَتَا      جَرَّتَا

 هُنَّ    رَفَعْنَ    نَصَبْنَ   جَرَرْنَ 

أَنْتَ    رَفَعْتَ   نَصَبْتَ   جَرَرْتَ

أَنتُمَا  رَفَعْتُمَا  نَصَبْتُمَا   جَرَرْتُمَا

أَنتُمْ    رَفَعْتُمْ    نَصَبْتُمْ    جَرَرْتُمْ  

أَنتِ    رَفَعْتِ    نَصَبْتِ   جَرَرْتِ 

أَنْتُمَا   رَفَعْتُمَا   نَصَبْتُمَا   جَرَرْتُمَا

أَنْتُنَّ   رَفَعْتُنَّ    نَصَبْتُنَّ   جَرَرْتُنَّ

أَنَا    رَفَعْتُ    نَصَبْتُ   جَرَرْتُ

نَحنُ    رَفَعْنَا     نَصَبْنَا    جَرَرْنَا

--->>

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 INTRO  |  01-Ism | 02-Fi'il | 03-Harf | 04-Sarf | 05-IROB

============= 04 Sarf  ======================
3 Letters |  3 Letters w/Illah (end)  |   3 Letters w/Illah (begin) |  3 Letters w/Illah (Middle)
3 Letters w/Twins | 4 Letters | 4 Letters Sarf Kabir |  4 Letters w/Illah |
4 Letters w/Twins |  5 Letter and more