One word can morph into many forms.
In English:
Imagine you put the word "inform" into a machine and the machine produced :-
- inform, informs, informed, informing, information
In Arabic, the machine can produce a lot more words from a single word.
The single word that we are going to morph will begin with Fi'il Madhi (past tense) and it will grow into many patterns.
There are two types of morphings :-
صَرْف صَغِير - (small morphing of words)
= A word will change in this "small" list of 12 morphing conditions
صَرْف كَبِير - (large morphing of words)
= A word will change in this "big" list of 14 morphing conditions
Morphings occurred for words other than "Pronouns" & "Harfs".
Usually the Morphings will follow certain standard patterns.
The 12 morphing conditions based on Fi'il and Ism :
Past Tense فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ
Present Tense فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ
Noun Verb - The maSdar does not follow a standard pattern اِسْم مَصْدَر
Doer اِسْم فَاعِل
Object/ Victim of the action اِسْم مَفْعُول
Commanding Verb فِعْلُ الْأَمْرِ
Forbidding Verb فِعْلُ النَّهْيِ
Time when the action takes place اسم زمان
Place where the action takes place اسم مكان
Tools / Items اسم آلة
Passive Past Tense فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ مَجْهُول
Passive Present Tense فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ مَجْهُول
The 14 morphing conditions are depending on the Pronoun:
هُوَ
هُمَا
هُمْ
هِيَ
هُمَا
هُنَّ
أَنْتَ
أَنتُمَا
أَنتُمْ
أَنتِ
أَنْتُمَا
أَنْتُنَّ
أَنَا
نَحنُ
Below are just introduction of how Sarf (Morphing) looks like. Subsequent pages will list out each of the various patterns of Sarf.
رَفَعَ ، نَصَبَ ، جَرَرَ جَرَّ
Referring to the above table:
Look at the column of Ism masdar اِسْم مصدر in the above Table.
Jarr NaSb Raf'
رَفْعٌ رَفْعًا رَفْعٍ
نَصْبٌ نَصْبًا نَصْبٍ
جَرٌّ جَرًّا جَرٍّ
The one listed on the Sarf Sagheer table is of the NaSb version.
The status of Raf' رَفْعٌ , NaSb نَصْبٌ , Jarr جَرٌّ are from the Raf' version of Ism MaSdar.
--------------
Look at the column of Ism Maf'ool اِسْم مَفْعُول in the above Table.
The words
مَرفُوعٌ
مَنْصُوبٌ
مَجْرُورٌ
are from the Raf' version of Ism Maf'ool اِسْم مَفْعُول
(You may refer to the Lessons on Fi'il Madhi and Fi'il Mudhari' for the patterns)
هُوَ رَفَعَ نَصَبَ جَرَّ
هُمَا رَفَعَا نَصَبَا جَرَّا
هُمْ رَفَعُوا نَصَبُوا جَرُّوا
هِيَ رَفَعَتْ نَصَبَتْ جَرَّتْ
هُمَا رَفَعَتَا نَصَبَتَا جَرَّتَا
هُنَّ رَفَعْنَ نَصَبْنَ جَرَرْنَ
أَنْتَ رَفَعْتَ نَصَبْتَ جَرَرْتَ
أَنتُمَا رَفَعْتُمَا نَصَبْتُمَا جَرَرْتُمَا
أَنتُمْ رَفَعْتُمْ نَصَبْتُمْ جَرَرْتُمْ
أَنتِ رَفَعْتِ نَصَبْتِ جَرَرْتِ
أَنْتُمَا رَفَعْتُمَا نَصَبْتُمَا جَرَرْتُمَا
أَنْتُنَّ رَفَعْتُنَّ نَصَبْتُنَّ جَرَرْتُنَّ
أَنَا رَفَعْتُ نَصَبْتُ جَرَرْتُ
نَحنُ رَفَعْنَا نَصَبْنَا جَرَرْنَا
--->>
MENU ============================================
INTRO | 01-Ism | 02-Fi'il | 03-Harf | 04-Sarf | 05-IROB
============= 04 Sarf ======================
3 Letters | 3 Letters w/Illah (end) | 3 Letters w/Illah (begin) | 3 Letters w/Illah (Middle)
3 Letters w/Twins | 4 Letters | 4 Letters Sarf Kabir | 4 Letters w/Illah |
4 Letters w/Twins | 5 Letter and more