1. An ISM in the Raf' رَفْعٌ status can either be :
1> the "doer" , فَاعِلٌ
2> "subject" , مُبْتَدَأٌ
3> "predicate" , خَبَرٌ
4> Ismu Kana , اِسْمُ كَانَ
5> Khabar Inna, خَبَرُ إِنَّ
2. An ISM in the NaSb نَصْبٌ status can either be :-
1> the "details" of a verb , مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ
2> ism that comes after "Harfu NaSb" حَرْفُ نَصْبٍ the presence of an عَامِل.
3> Ismu Inna اِسْمُ إِنَّ
4> Khabar Kana خَبَرُ كَانَ
5> Ism of type "Zarf" ظَرْفٌ
3. An ISM in the Jarr جَرٌّ status can either be :-
1> An ism that comes after the word "of" (when translated in English)
= mudhafun ilaih مُضَافٌ إِلَيهِ
2> ism that comes after "harf of Jarr" حَرْفُ جَرٍّ
3> Ism that comes after "harfu Qasm" حَرْفُ قَسْمٍ
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Raf', NaSb or Jar status can be applied to :
1: ISM (including Pronouns)
2: "Present tense" Verb,
3: A group of words = Fragments (eg. as Khabar)
مَرْفُوْعٌ = a word (or a group of words) having the رَفْعٌ status
مَنْصُوْبٌ = a word (or a group of words) having the نَصْبٌ status
مَجْرُوْرٌ = a word (or a group of words) having the جَرٌّ status
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ضَرَبَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ الرَّسُولَ اللهِ
When translated into English literally word-by-word, it look like this:
= Hit "by" the Mushrikoon, the Messenger of God
In ARABIC, this is a Verb sentence (Jumlah Fi'liyyah). It begins with a Verb, i.e "Hit".
The arrangement, sequence of words in the English Language will be :-
"The Mushrikoon hit the Messenger of God."
There is 1 Verb and 3 Isms in the sentence :-
"Hit" is a "Verb" فِعْلٌ (Fiíl) .
The 3 Isms are :-
(1) الْمُشْرِكُونَ The Mushrikoon = The "Doer" فَاعِلٌ (Fa'il) of the verb;
The Mushrikoon having "Raf'" status= مَرْفُوْعٌ .
(2) الرَّسُولَ The Messenger = The "Details" مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ (Maf'oolun bihi) of the verb.
Hit who? Hit the Messenger.
The Messenger having "NaSb" status; مَنْصُوْبٌ .
The Messenger has Two Status:
Firstly, The Messenger is the "Details" of the Verb (as mentioned above)
Secondly, The Messenger is also a = مُضَافٌ "Mudhaf" (of a word Pair) in this sentence.
What is a "Mudhaf"? The word that comes BEFORE the word "OF" = The Messenger OF God
Hence The Messenger is both a "Maf'oolun bihi" & "Mudhaf".
(3) اللهِ (Of) God = This is the other Word Pair from The Messenger (Of) God.
The word after "Of" = مُضَافٌ إِلَيهِ (mudhafun ilaih) having "Jar" status; مَجْرُوْرٌ
"Doer" and "Details" : Take note that both the:
(1) "Mushrikoon " (Doer) and (2) "the Messenger " (Details) are connected to the Verb "hit" .
"Doer" of the Verb and "Details" of the Verb.
Who hit the Messenger ?
Ans: The "Mushrikoon " - i.e the "doer" (Fa'il) in the sentence - rafa' status.
Who did the Mushrikoon hit?
Ans: The Messenger - i.e. the "details" (Maf'oolun bihi) of the verb - nasb status.
Mudhafun ilaih مُضَاف إِلَيْهِ : The second word in a Word Pair :-
of "God" = The second word in this pairing = The Messenger of "God"
> of "God" is the detail about "The Messenger".
The Messenger of Who ?
Ans = The Messenger Of God
The Messenger = mudhaf مُضَافٌ ,
Of God = mudhafun ilaih مُضَاف إِلَيْهِ ( Jarr status)
To recognize Mudhafun ilaih: When you translate a sentence into English and you saw a word that comes after the word "OF", eg.
= The House of God, The Principal of a School, The Manager of the Company
The words in Blue are all Mudhafun ilaih. They are Majruur (Jarr istatus).
Pronouns (in bold) having Jarr status (majrur) when connected to an Ism:
His book كِتَابُهُ = book of his ( "book" = mudhaf , "of his" = mudhaf ilaih )
Their mother أُمُّهُمْ = Mother of theirs ( "Mother" = mudhaf , "of theirs" = mudhaf ilaih )
Our country بَلَدُنَا = Country of ours ( "Country" = mudhaf , "of Ours" = mudhaf ilaih )
01-Ism > 1.1-Properties > 1.1(1) Status >>
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1.1-Properties | 1.2-Pronouns | 1.3-Fragments | 1.4-Sentence
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1.1 Ism Properties ====================
1.1(1) Status - Signs of Irob - Practice - Murab & Mabni
1.1(2) Number | 1.1(3) Gender | 1.1(4) Type