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Words in Arabic are either :
(1) ism اِسْمٌ (Noun and more)
(2) fi'il فِعْلٌ (Verb)
(3) harf حَرْفٌ (Preposition , Conjunctions use to connect words)
Ism اِسْمٌ
Ism اِسْمٌ
الاِسْمُ هُوَ كُلُّ كَلِمَةٍ دَلَّتْ عَلَى شَيءٍ خَالٍ عَنِ الزَّمَانِ
Ism : it is every word that has nothing to do with time.
Isms as nouns :-
1. نَبَاتٌ plant ( jama' = نَبَاتَاتٌ ) (including vegetables, fruits, etc), eg. مَوْزٌ (banana)
2. حَيَوَانٌ animal (jama' = حَيَوَانَاتٌ ), eg. قِطٌّ (cat)
3. جَمَادٌ object (jama' =جَمَادَاتٌ ) , eg. قِطَارٌ (Train)
4. إِنسَانٌ human/person, (jama' = نَاسٌ ) eg. مُحَمَّدٌ
5. بَلَدٌ country, ( jama' = بِلَادٌ ) eg. سِنْغَافُورَةٌ
Other than nouns, "ism" also include :
6. Pronoun ضَمِيرٌ = He, the two of them, they هُوَ هُمَا هُمْ , etc
7. Adjective صِفَةٌ = eg. long طَوِيلٌ , pretty جَمِيلٌ
8. Adverb ظَرْفٌ = eg. تَحْتَ under, فَوْقَ above , قَبْلَ before, بَعْدَ after,
All words other than "Fi'il"(verb) or "Harf" are "Ism".
The signs of Ism
The signs of Ism
1> "AL" at the beginning
1> "AL" at the beginning
When there is "Alif (hamzah wasal) + Lam" at the begining of a kalimah = اَلْ (AL)
eg. = اَلْمَسْجِدُ
Note: The Alif written (above) as = اَ is actually hamzah wasol = ٱ , as in = ٱلْمَسْجِدُ .
(Refer to Tajweed lesson on the topic of Hamzah Wasol.)
2> Tanween at the end of a kalimah
2> Tanween at the end of a kalimah
eg. مَسْجِدٌ ,
Tanween can be at the end of a "singular ism" (mufrad) = كِتَابٌ
or a "broken plural ism" (jamak takseer) = أَوْلَادٌ
اِلَى عَلَى مِنْ are "harfu jarr" حَرْفُ جَرٍّ
eg. اِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ = "masjidi" is an ism
eg. عَلَى مَا = "maa" is an ism
eg. مِنْهَا = "haa" is an ism
4> Ta' marbutoh ة at the end.
4> Ta' marbutoh ة at the end.
شَجَرَةٌ
5> Having Kasrah at the end.
5> Having Kasrah at the end.
(verbs do not have kasrah at the end)
eg. = الْمَسْجِدِ
6> Mudhaf and Mudhaf ilaih. (Word Pair)
6> Mudhaf and Mudhaf ilaih. (Word Pair)
Mudhaf (the first word) has no "اَلْ " and tanween,
Mudhaf ilaih (the second word) having kasrah.
eg, كِتَابُ زَيْدٍ ,
eg, attached with a pronoun (His Book) = كِتَابُهُ
(Pronouns can be attached to Verbs too).
7> Recognising ISM of "people", "place", "tool"
7> Recognising ISM of "people", "place", "tool"
Starts with م and sukun after it.
An Ism with مُ at the start is referring to people,
eg. = مُفْلِحٌ (successful person), مُفْلِحُون (successful people),
An Ism with مَ at the start is referring to a place, eg. = مَجْلِسٌ , مَسْجِدٌ
An Ism with مِ at the start is referring to a tool eg. = مِرْأَةٌ (mirror), مِرْسَمٌ (pencil).
8> Alif Maqsurah at the end
8> Alif Maqsurah at the end
ضُحَى عَصَا
(Verb can have alif maqsurah at the end too)
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Ism does not have "sukun" at the end.
These are not Isms : تُنْزِلْ , إِفْتَحْ , يَدخُلْ
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Which one is ISM ?
سَيَّارَةٌ يَجْلِسُ قَالَ عِيسَىٰ الدِّينُ
مُجْرِمُونَ فِى لِسَانِى كُنْتُ مُدَرِّسُ الْمَدْرَسَةِ
How to recite this word ٱلاِسْمُ
How to recite this word ٱلاِسْمُ
Spelling and recitation :-
The "ism" word = ٱسْمٌ
The starting letter is actually "hamzah wasol" w/o any harakat (baris).
We pronounce this word by giving the "hamza wasol" a "kasrah" = اِسْمٌ
(This is one of the 7 isms that are recited with a kasrah for hamzah wasal. Refer to tajwid notes on hamzah wasal, asmaul-sabáh)
When spelled with "AL" in front = ٱلاِسْمُ
How do you recite this word ?
Let's analyse the two words = ٱلْ + ٱسْمُ
If you read them separately = "AL" , "ISMU"
When it is read with waSol ( continuous ), the way to recite will be different.
The first "Hamzah waSol" ("AL") is being recited, since it is at the beginning of the recitation.
The second "Hamzah waSol" (between لْ and سْ) is silent . ٱلْ + ٱسْمُ
Hence two sukoons meet = لْ meets with سْ.
The first sukun is replaced with a kasrah.
Therefore = ل will be given a "kasrah" .
Therefore, the recitation becomes = اَلِسْمُ ( "Alismu").
I.e from "Al + Ismu" to = "Alismu"
In writing = ٱلاِسْمُ
In tajweed, this is called the hukum of = "NaQl". (refer to tajweed notes).
( Side note: Hamzah WaSol can exist in Ism and Fi'il.)
Number of Letters in Ism
Number of Letters in Ism
Eg.
2 letter ism = أَبٌ
3 letter ism = بِنْتٌ
4 letter ism = زَهْرَةٌ
5 letter ism = مَدْرَسَةٌ
6 letter ism = مُسْتَنْقَعٌ
And more..
Searching for a kalimah in a Dictionary
Eg. ٱلمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ = This is an "Ism" اِسْمٌ (Noun)
If you want to look for the above word in the dictionary, you have to search for the root word :
ضَعُفَ = weak = This is a فِعْلٌ "Fi'il" (verb), not an "ism" اِسْمٌ
ض ع ف = These are the root letters.
Once you found the root letters, with the knowledge of "Nahu & Sarf", you will be able to construct the word :-
اَلْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ = the vulnerable
The rest of the letters = اَلْ مُ سْ تَ ي نَ are additional letters (ziadah زِيَادَة)
Recommended link = https://www.al-islam.org/sites/default/files/singles/637-arabicnouns.pdf
01-Ism >>
MENU =============================
INTRO | 01-Ism | 02-Fi'il | 03-Harf | 04-Sarf | 05-IROB
======= 01 ISM ============================
1.1-Properties | 1.2-Pronouns | 1.3-Fragments | 1.4-Sentence
1.5-Practise | 1.6-Active & Passive | 1.7-Types of Ism
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