All Harf are Mabni مَبْنِى
1. Harfu Jarr -حَرفُ جَرٍّ click link
مِنْ إلى عَنْ عَلَى في ب كَ ل
رُبَّ "perhaps" (not found in the Quran)
2. Harfu NaSb - حَرفُ نَصْبٍ Click link
3. Harfu Istifham اِسْتِفْهَام
أَ هَلْ
4. Harfu Jazmin اَلْجَوَازِمُ) حَرفُ جَزْمٍ)
5. Harfu Taukid حَرْفُ تَوْكِيدٍ (emphasis)
Indeed! Surely!
إِنَّ = at the start of an ayah ( an ism comes after this taukid )
أَنَّ = at the middle of an ayah ( an ism comes after this taukid )
قَدْ = a Fiíl Madhi comes after this taukid. If a Fii; Mudhori' comes after "Qad", then it is not a Taukid.
also Nun Tawkid:
نَّ Nun syaddah at the end of a fi'il mudhori' eg.
لَأَكِيدَنَّ Indeed I will surely plan (fathah at the end of Mudharik - mu'rab)
لَتُسْئَلُنَّ Indeed you will surely be asked (Fii' Mudharik Majhul - mabni)
and Nun sukun نْ
6. Harfu Nahi (to Refrain/ to Stop)
حَرْفُ نَاهِيَةٍ
Don't you (all) play ! لَا تَلْعَبُوْا
There is a لَا نَاهِيَةٌ (Laa Nahi) before the Fi'il.
Notice that the kalimah after Laa Nahi i.e. Fi'il Mudhori' was "jazm" (no nun at the end).
Nahi is spoken to only the Second Person ( no Third Person).
7. Harfu Nafi (to Deny)
حَرْفُ نَافِيَةٍ
Two Harfu Nafi : النَّافِيَتَانِ
مَا and لَا
لَا نَافِيَةٌ (Laa Nafi )
eg. لَا يَلْعَبُوْنَ = They do not play. (They are not playing)
Laa Nafi will not jazm fiil mudhori' ( it remains the same as normal mudhori').
8. Harfu 'Atof حَرفُ عَطْفٍ ( penyambung) conjunction to connect sentences.
وَ فَ ثُمَّ حَتَّى أَوْ أَمْ وَلَـٰكِنْ بَلْ لَا إِمَّا
eg. جَاءَ اَحْمَدُ وَ مَحْمُودٌ (Wau 'Atof)
The Ism After Harfu 'Atof will have the same Properties i.e (Raf', NaSb, Jarr, Musculine, Singular, etc) as the Ism Before it.
9. Harfu Qasam (Oath) قسم
(Oaths that cannot be done by human)
eg. ت ب و The Ism after it will be majruur: مَجْرُورٌ بِحَرْفٍ قَسْمٍ
واللهِ بِاللهِ تَاللهِ
10. Harfu Shartin حَرْفُ شَرْطٍ
إِنْ , لَوْ (if) ، لَوْ لَا ، لَوْ مَا ، مَا
The first Fi'il is the Syarat/ Condition (Fi'il Shartin) and the second Fi'il is the Answer (Jawabul-Syartin).
فِعْلُ الشَّرْطٍ and جَوَابُ الشَّرْطٍ both of them are Jazm ( Sukun or no Nun at the end).
The Harf that makes TWO Fi'il Mudhari' to be Jazm.
EG. إِنْ تَنْصُرُواْ اللهَ يَنْصُرْكُمْ = If you (all) help Allah, He will help you (all)
11. Harfu Nida حَرْفُ نِدَاءٍ
Nida wa munada' = the calling word and the one being called.
Munada' has no Tanween or Nun at the end.
يَا رَجُلُ Oh Man! The Munada' has no Tanween at the end and is Marfu'.
يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ Oh The Messenger of Allah! If the Munada' is a Mudhaf, then it is ManSub.
يَـٰبَنِى إِسۡرَٲٓءِيلَ Oh Children of Israeel! The Munada' is a Mudhaf with no Nun at the end and is ManSub.
12. Hârfu Isti'naf حَرْفُ اِسْتِئْنَافِ
(connective particles between two sentences. Used to indicate a relationship between two sentences.)
الْوَاوُ اِسْتِئْنَافِيَّةٌ = و the resuming wau
Types of Wau = Wau isti'nafiyyah, Wau ibtida-iyah, Wau Qasam, Wau 'aTof
Wau isti'nafiyyah = Unlike Wau 'ATof (where the words after the Wau are a continuation of the words behind it), the words after Wau isti'nafiyyah are disconnected from the words before it.
Fa isti'nafiyyah = فَ
13. Harfu íllah حَرْفُ عِلَّةٍ
ا و ي
03-Harf > 3.0- Types of Harf >>
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============= 03 Harf ======================
3.0- Types of Harf | 3.1-Harfu Jarr | 3.2-Harfu NaSb
3.3-Illah Letters | 3.4-Maa & Laa