1.1(3) Gender

All human and non-human isms have gender either Masculine or Feminine. A book, a house, Ali, Fathimah etc.

مُذَكَّر = masculine

مُؤَنَّث = feminine

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Muzakkar مُذَكَّر

مُذَكَّر حَقِيقِي    - Real masculine of humans and animals

مُذَكَّر مَجَازِي - Fake masculine of objects etc

All isms are masculine  except certain things (signs) that make them feminine.

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Muannath مُؤَنَّث

Signs of Feminine

1. Untha = REAL FEMININE (humans or animals)   

2. Ends with ta marbutoh -  FAKE FEMININE (with "human names" exception)

3. Ends with alif maqsurah -  FAKE FEMININE (with "human names" exception)

4. Ends with alif mamdudah -  FAKE FEMININE (with "human names" exception)

5. Jamak Takseer  -  FAKE FEMININE

6. Femine as heard from the Arabs -  FAKE FEMININE

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1>  Female = أُنثَى 

  يَدُلُّ عَلَى أُنثَى  (showing upon feminine)

Muannath Haqiqi - Real feminine   مُؤَنَّث حَقِيقِي

Examples of Muannath Haqiqi :

-> Feminine names; names for girl or woman, eg =   زَيْنَبُ , فَاطِمَة

-> People feminine eg =  بِنْتٌ  daughter,  أُخْتٌ  sister

-> Animal feminine eg =  بَقَرَةٌ  female cow.

Muannath Haqiqi is made up of
(A) Muannath Maknawi and Lafzi.

(B) Muannath Maknawi 

.... (A) Muannath Haqiqi both in Maknawi and Lafzi

     مَعْنَوِيّ  لَفْظِيّ

Maknawi = they are real feminine.
Lafzi = there are signs of feminine in the spelling ( آء , ىٰ , ة )
They are both Real Feminine and has Signs of Feminine (in the spelling),

Example:
    فَاطِمَة ,  حُسنَى ,  بَقَرَةٌ

.... (B) "Muannath Haqiqi in Ma'nawi"  

No signs (  آء , ىٰ , ة )  in the spelling to show that they are "feminine". But they are real life true feminine.   

     Example:   زَيْنَبُ  , مَريَم

     We know that "Maryam" and "Zainab" are Female names (based on the meaning = "ma'nawi").

Which one below has feminine signs and meaning and which one is feminine in meaning only :-

  بِنْتٌ  daughter,  

 أُخْتٌ  sister,  

 أُمٌّ mother,   

 نِسَاءٌ  women,  

 إِمَاءٌ  female slaves

 اِمْرَأَةٌ woman/wife, 

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2>  ة  Ta' Marbutoh,    ( التَّاءُ المَربُوطَةُ  ) 
>  مُؤَنَّث مَجَازِي   Fake feminine (Muannath Majazi)   

       eg. رَحْمَةٌ  mercy, مَكْتَبَةٌ  library,  ذُرِّيَّةً  offspring (singular)

With the exceptions of :-
Muzakkar Maknawi - مُذَكَّر مَعْنَوِيّ  having Ta' Marbutoh but is Musculine.
حَـمْزَة (Hamzah) ,  أُسَامَة (Usamah),   طَلْحَة (Thalhah)  ,مُعَاوِيَة (Muawiyah)

Also called Muannath Lafzi (Musculine with Feminine signs)  =    مُؤَنَّث لَفْظِيّ 

are Musculine names that has signs of Muannath. They are Masculine in grammar

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 3>  ىٰ  aleef maqSurah - short  (  أَلِفُ التَّأْنِيثِ المَقْصُورَةِ ) 

     Fake Feminine

     eg. بُشْرَى  (good news)   quwaa, dhuhaa, Hawaa etc

4>  آء   aleef mamdudah - long (  أَلِفُ التَّأْنِيثِ المَمْدُودَةِ )  

   Fake Feminine

      eg.  خَضْرَآءُ (green)   السَّمَاءِ  (sky)

5> Broken Plural   جَمْعٌ تَكْسِيرٌ

    Fake feminine BROKEN plural   eg.  كُتُبٌ , بُيُوتٌ  

  (Compared with) Fake feminine REGULAR plural   eg. ظُلُمَاتٌ

  Both Fake feminines are Feminine & Singular in Grammar (even though they are plural in reality).

6> Feminine because the Arab said so (no other reasons). 

  الأِسْمُ الَّتِي سُمِعَ عَنِ العَرَبِ

  (Feminine and singular.)

War = "harbun"  حَربٌ   eg. تِلكَ حَربٌ  "that is a war"

Sky = "samaa'"   سَماءٌ

Sun = "syams"   شَمْسٌ

Person = "nafsun"  نَفْسٌ   eg. هَذِهِ نَفْسٌ "this is a person"

Fire = "naarun"  نار

Pail/bucket = "dalwun"  دَلْوٌ

Path = "sabeelun"  سَبِيلٌ

Earth = "arDhun"   أَرضٌ

Wind = "reehun"  رِيحٌ

Well = "bi'run"   بِإرٌ

House = "darrun"   دَرٌّ

Cup = "ka'sun"  كأسٌ

Wine = "khamrun" خَمر

Hell = "Jahannamun"  جَهَنَّم

Staff = "'aSaa"  عصا

Other "Feminine" 

>> Name of country, city :

 مَكَّة  ,  مِصْرَ  

>> Body parts that are in pairs :

      1 eye =  عَيْنٌ

     2 eyes = عَيْنَانِ ,  eyes (plural) =  أَعْيُنٌ

     1 ear = أُذُنٌ  , ears (plural) =  آذَانٌ

    1 leg = رِجْلٌ  , legs =  أَرْجُلٌ

     1 foot =  قَدَمٌ    ,  feet = أَقْدَامٌ

    1 hand = يَدٌ  

      1 lip = شَفَةٌ , lips =  شَفَاهٌ

>> Feminine characteristic:

حَامِلٌ  (pregnant)

>> Colours are of two Types

       Colour   لَونٌ          (plural)   أَلْوَانٌ                                          

Mu-annath      Muzakkar   

أَبْيَضُ      بَيضَآءُ        White

أَسْوَدُ      سَوْدآءُ       Black

أَحْمَرُ     حَمْرآءُ        Red

أَزْرَقُ      زَرْقآءُ         Blue

أَخْضَرُ   خَضْرآءُ     Green

أَصْفَرُ    صَفْرآءُ         Yellow

Practise: Ism Properties

Practise what we have learned so far :-

 فِرعَونَ  
(Mufrad)
NaSb or Jarr, Singular, Masculine
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    مُؤۡمِنُونَ       مُسْلِمُونَ
  (Jama' Muzakkar Salim)

Raf', Plural Masculine
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ءَايَاتِ   
(Jama' Muannath Salim)
(Plural Fake feminine)

 NaSb or Jarr,  Singular Feminine
-Or -  Plural  Feminine

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ظُلُمَاتٌ  

(Jama' Muannath Salim)
(Plural Fake feminine)
Raf',  Singular Feminine
  -Or - Plural Feminine 

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     مُسْلِمَاتٌ   
(Jamak Muannath Salim)
Raf',  Plural Feminine
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    كُفَّارٌ       رُسُلٌ    رِجَالٌ  

  (Jamak Taksir)
  (human Broken Plural)
  Raf',  Singular Feminine
  - Or - Plural Masculine

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   نِسَاءٌ     
(Jamak Taksir)
(human Broken Plural)
Raf',  Singular Feminine
  -Or - Plural Feminine 

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بُيُوتٌ     كُتُبٌ    
(Jamak Taksir)
(non-human Broken Plural)

 Raf',  Singular Feminine
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1.1-Properties | 1.2-Pronouns | 1.3-Fragments |  1.4-Sentence

1.5-Practise  |  1.6-Active & Passive | 1.7-Types of Ism

1.1 Ism Properties ====================
1.1(1) Status - Signs of Irob - Practice - Murab & Mabni
1.1(2) Number | 1.1(3) Gender |  1.1(4) Type