A word that describe an Ism: eg.
"A beautiful car" سَيَّارَةٌ جَمِيلَةٌ
In English we say the adjective first followed by the noun.
In Arabic we say the noun first followed by the adjective.
سَيَّارَةٌ جَمِيلَةٌ = (direct translation) "A car a beautiful".
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In English = Adjectives are not nouns
In Arabic = Adjectives are Isms ( as Isms are more than nouns)
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1. The noun being described is called = MauSuf مَوْصُوْف
2. The adjective is called = Sifah صِّفَةُ
3. There can be more than one Sifah to describe a Mausuf.
4. Since an adjective is an ism, the properties of the adjective
must match the properties of the noun.
Eg.
سَيَّارَةٌ (Noun) = Raf', Singular, Feminine, Common
جَمِيلَةٌ (Adjective) = Raf', Singular, Feminine, Common
Both are = مَرفُوع مُفْرَد مُؤَنَّث نَكِرَه
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Eg. كُتُبٌ قَيِّمَةٌ = Valuable books
كُتُبٌ (Noun)
Raf',
singular (non-human broken plural),
feminine( even though the singular version is masculine),
common (nakirah).
قَيِّمَةٌ (Adjective)
Sifah is the same as Mausuf = Raf', singular, feminine, common (nakirah)
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Practise:
كِتَابٌ جَمِيلٌ a beautiful book (raf')
كِتَابانِ جَمِيلَانِ two beautiful books (raf')
كُتُبٌ جَمِيلَةٌ beautiful books (raf')
and NOT كُتُبٌ جَميلٌ (since the mausuf is a broken plural, singular feminine)
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عَمَلٌ صَالِحٌ a good deed (raf')
عَمَلَيْنِ صَالِحَيْنِ two good deeds (nasb or jar)
أَعْمَالٌ صَالِحَةٌ good deeds (raf')
The Mausuf = أَعْمَالٌ is a "fake" non-human broken plural
The Sifah = صَالِحَةٌ is singular and feminine.
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More Examples.
اَلدَّرْسُ الْخَامِسُ = the fifth lesson. Pelajaran YG kelima.
شَعْرٌ طَوِيلٌ = Long hair. Rambut YG panjang.
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Take note of these Mausuf Sifah :-
القَوْمَ الفَاسِقينَ the wrong-doing nation
The mausuf = القَوْمَ (nation) this noun is considered plural by the Arabs ( refer to "Number", some words are considered plural by the Arabs). Hence = NaSb, Plural, Masculine, Proper (Ma'rifah).
The sifah = اَلْفَاسِقِينَ is also NaSb, Plural (people plural) Masculine, Proper.
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عَيْنَانِ نَضَّاخَتَانِ Two flowing eyes
The mausuf = عَينَانِ (two eyes/two waterfalls)
- is Raf', Pair, Feminine, Common.
- remember items that come in pairs are feminine, even though the word has no feminine indication.
The sifah = نَضَّاخَتَانِ (overflowing)is also Raf', Pair, Feminine, Common.
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حُورٌ مَّقْصُورَاتٌ Closed-lipped maidens
The mausuf = حُورٌ is broken plural (real feminine)
The sifah = مَّقْصُورَاتٌ is feminine plural
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خَيْرَاتٌ حِسَانٌ good things
The mausuf = خَيْرَاتٌ is plural & feminine
The sifah = حِسَانٌ is a broken plural
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رَفْرَفٍ خُضْرٍ Green pillows
رَفْرَفٍ خُضْرٍ
The mausuf = رَفْرَفٍ is broken plural (pillows) .. singular, feminine
The sifah = خُضْرٍ is broken plural (green) .. singular, feminine
01-Ism > 1.3-Fragments > 1.3(2) MauSuf Sifah >>
MENU =============================
INTRO | 01-Ism | 02-Fi'il | 03-Harf | 04-Sarf | 05-IROB
======= 01 ISM ============================
1.1-Properties | 1.2-Pronouns | 1.3-Fragments | 1.4-Sentence
1.5-Practise | 1.6-Active & Passive | 1.7-Types of Ism
======================== 1.3 Fragments ============