03-Commanding & Forbidding tenses

Commanding Verb فِعْلُ الْأَمْرِ

Giving command or forbidding an action are ONLY towards the 2nd Person:
Singular, Pair, Plural of Male or Female :-

( أَنْتَ أَنتُمَا أَنتُم أَنتِ أَنتُمَا أنتُنَّ)
You are talking to a 2nd Person = eg. Work ! Help ! etc

The signs of فِعْلُ الْأَمْرِ

Fi'il Amr Mabni

Constructing Fi'il Amr

Practice: Change these Fi'il Mudharik to Fi'il Amr

Sarf of Fii'l Amr

Fi'il Amr examples with attached pronouns

Anta and Antum as the Doer

Forbidding Fi'il

The signs of فِعْلُ الْأَمْرِ

1) (Most of the time) Hamzah wasal at the beginning. (Fiil Madhi may have hamzah wasal in the begining too.)

2) Sukun at the end ( Fi'il Mudharik may have sukun too)

3) Discarding Nun at the end ( Fi'il Mudharik may have Nun discarded too)
4) Ya muannath mukhatobah at the end of a kalimah (Fi'il Amr), Eg. أُنظُرِي

5) Fi'il Amr = Mabni, does not change because of any 'Amil.
-- (1) Mabni 'ala-ssukun (Sukun at the end)
Eg. "You Sit!" = ٱجْلِسْ
-- (2) Mabni 'ala hathfi-nuun (Discarded Nuun at the end)
Eg. "You (all) sit! " = ٱجْلِسُواْ

-- (3) Mabni 'ala hathfi-'illah (Discarded Harfu 'illah at the end)
Eg. "You be afraid! " ٱخْشَ

Comparing with Fi'il Mudharik having the ending Mu'rab with :
-- (1) Sukun , (2) Discarded Nuun (3) Discarded Harfu 'illah
is because of an 'Amil before it.
(1) لَمَّ يَجْلِسْ Sukun at the end ("He has not yet sit")

(2) لَنْ يَجْلِسُواْ Discarded Nuun at the end ("They will never sit")
(3) لَمْ يَخْشَ Discarded Harfu 'illah at the end ("He was never afraid")

6) It can be joined with Nun Tawkid after the last letter. = مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْفَتْحِ
ٱنْظُرَنَّ ، ٱنْظُرَنْ

Fi'il Amr Mabni

Constructing Fi'il Amr

Constructing Fi'il Amr from Fi'il Mudharik = أَنْتَ تَنْظُرُ
(1) Remove the first letter = نْظُرُ
(2) When it cannot be recited, add hamzal wasal at the front = ٱنْظُرُ
(3) If the last letter is a Sahih letter, gives a sukun to it = أَنْتَ ٱنْظُرْ

( نَظَرَ يَنْظُرُ ٱنْظُرْ )

Constructing Fi'il Amr from Fi'il Mudharik = أَنتُمَا تَنْظُرَانِ

(1) Remove the first letter = نْظُرَانِ

(2) When it cannot be recited, add hamzal wasal at the front = ٱنْظُرَانِ

(3) Remove the nun at the end = أَنتُمَا ٱنْظُرَا

Constructing Fi'il Amr from Fi'il Mudharik = أَنتُمْ تَنْظُرُونَ

(1) Remove the first letter = نْظُرُونَ

(2) When it cannot be recited, add hamzal wasal at the front = ٱنْظُرُونَ

(3) Remove the nun at the end and add alif tafriqah at the end = أَنتُمْ ٱنْظُرُواْ

Constructing Fi'il Amr from Fi'il Mudharik (with 'illah letter) = أَنْتَ تَرْمِى

(1) Remove the first letter = رْمِى

(2) When it cannot be recited, add hamzal wasal at the front = ٱرْمِى

(3) Remove the 'illah letter at the end = أَنْتَ ٱرْمِ

الْمَاضِي الْمُضَارِعُ الْأَمْرِ

رَمَى يَرْمِى ٱرْمِ

وَقَى يَقِى قِ

أَرَى يَرَى رَ

دَعَوَ/ دَعَا يَدْعُواْ ٱدْعُ

Constructing Fi'il Amr from Fi'il Mudharik = أَنْتَ تَتَذَكَّرُ you remember

(1) Remove the first letter = تَذَكَّرُ

(2) If the last letter is a Sahih letter, gives a sukun to it = أَنْتَ تَذَكَّرْ

Constructing Fi'il Amr from Fi'il Mudharik (illah letter in the middle): أَنْتَ تَقُولُ you say

(1) Remove the first letter = قُولُ

(2) If the last letter is a Sahih letter, gives a sukun to it = قُولْ

(3) When two sukuns meet, the harfu illah is removed = قُلْ

قَوَلَ/قَالَ يَقُولُ قُلْ

كَانَ يَكُونُ كُنْ

أَكَلَ يَأْكُلُ كُلْ

Practice: Change these Fi'il Mudharik to Fi'il Amr

Change these Fiil Mudharik to Fiil Amr :

(you wash) تَغْسِلُ

(you forgive) تَغْفرُ

(you remove) تَحْفِذُ

(you take) تَتَّخِذُ

(you open) تَفْتَحُ

(you make) تَجْعَلُ

(you work) تَعْمَلُ

Sarf of Fii'l Amr

أَنْتَ = تَتَّخِذْ ٱفْتَحْ

أَنْتُمَا = تَتَّخِذَا ٱفْتَحَا

أَنْتُم = تَتَّخِذُواْ ٱفْتَحُواْ

أَنتِ = تَتَّخِذِى ٱفْتَحِى

أَنْتُمَا = تَتَّخِذَا ٱفْتَحَا

أنتُنَّ = تَتَّخِذْنَ ٱفْتَحْنَ

Fi'il Amr examples with attached pronouns

ٱنْصُرْهُ = (You) help him!

ٱنْصُرْهُمَا = (You) help the two of them!

ٱنْصُرْهُمْ = (You) help them!

ٱنْصُرْهَا = (You) help her!

ٱنْصُرْهُمَا = (You) help the two of them (females)!

ٱنْصُرْهُنَّ = (You) help them (females)!

ٱنْصُرْنِى = (You) help me!

ٱنْصُرْنَا = (You) help us!

Anta and Antum as the Doer

You = as the Fa'il (Doer)

وَ + ٱرْحَمْ + نِى

وَٱرْحَمْنِى And you أَنْتَ blessed me!

---------

You all = as the Fa'il (Doer)

فَ + ٱرْهَبُواْ + نِى

فَٱرْهَبُونِى = (albaqorah:40) فَٱرْهَبُونِ the ya is ommitted

So (you all) أَنتُمْ be afraid of me!

Forbidding Fi'il

فِعْلُ النَّهْيِ

eg. Don't help, Don't work etc.

Constructing The Forbidding Fi'il :-

1) Comes after Laa Nahi لَا
2) Take the Present Tense for the second Person (Anta/Anti/Antum/Antunna)
3) Retain the first letter,
4) Put Sukun OR Remove Nun at the end

أَنْتَ لَا تَنْصُرْ (You) don't help!

أَنتُمَا لَا تَنْصُرَا

أَنتُم لَا تَنْصُرُواْ

أَنتِ لَا تَنْصُرِى

أَنتُمَا لَا تَنْصُرَا

أنتُنَّ لَا تَنْصُرْنَ

With Dhameer muttasil :
لَا تَنْصُرْهُ (You) don't help him!
لَا تَنْصُرْهُمَا (You) don't help both of them!
لَا تَنْصُرْهُمْ (You) don't help them!
(You) don't help her! and so on ..

02-Fi'il > 2.3- Commanding & Forbidding >>

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============= 02 Fi'il ======================
2.1-Past Tense | 2.2- Present Tense
2.3- Commanding & Forbidding | 2.4- Fi'il Naqish
2.5-Fiil Mabni