الْجُمْلَةُ ٱلاِسْمِيَّةُ
"Ism"based sentences
The sentence starts with an ISM.
It consists of a Noun as the Subject and a Noun OR a group of words as the Predicate.
In a "Jumlah Ismiyyah" , there will be :-
1) A Subject = Mubtada’ ( مُبْتَدَأ )
--> Mubtada' is marfoo' in status مَرْفُوْعٌ
-- > A Mubtada' must be Proper Noun, الاِسْمُ المَعْرِفَةُ
2) A Predicate = Khabar ( خَبَر )
---> Khabar is marfoo' in status مَرْفُوْعٌ
<A> Khabar Mufrad = consist of a single Noun.
-> It is a Common Noun (Nakirah), not a Proper Noun.
eg. The house is big.
Subject (Mubtada') = The house
Predicate (Khabar) = big
-> It must follow the Gender & Number of the Mubtada'
If the Mubtada' is plural, the Khabar will also be plural :-
مُبْتَدَأ خَبَر
الْمُسْلِمُ حَاضِرٌ The Muslim is present
الْمُسْلِمَانِ حَاضِرَانِ The Two Muslims are present
الْمُسْلِمُونَ حَاضِرُونَ The Muslims are present
<B> Khabar Jumlah = consist of a group of words خَبَر جُمْلَة
eg. The cat is on top of the bookshelf.
Subject (Mubtada') = The cat
Predicate (Khabar Jumlah) = on top of a bookshelf.
In English, we put the word "is or are" between the subject and the predicate.
Recognizing Noun sentence in Arabic
Which is Mubtada’ and which is Khabar .(Where to put the word "is" when translating to English)
(1) Proper ism followed by common ism,
Eg. ٱللهُ أَكبَر
- Allah ٱللهُ = proper ism (Ism Ma'rifah) - Mubtada'
- greater أَكبَر = common ism (Ism Nakirah) - Khabar
= Allah is greater. (Put the "is" after a proper Ism.)
The word "Allah" is Mubtada', and the word "greater" is khabar.
More eg :-
الْوَلَدُ صَالِحٌ = The boy is righteous ( The boy = mubtada', righteous = khabar )
الْوَلَدُ الصَّالِحُ ذَكيٌّ = The righteous boy is clever ( Righteous boy = mubtada', clever = khabar )
الْوَلَدُ الصَّالِحُ = The righteous boy. This is NOT a sentence
This is = MauSuf Sifah ( boy = mauSuf , Righteous = Sifah )
(2) Harfu NaSb and it's victim eg. إِنَّ اللهَ
- Put the "IS" after Harfu NaSb and it's victim
-> in this sentence = إِنَّ اللهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ
إِنَّ اللهَ = For sure Allah
سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ = All-Hearing, All-Knowing
= For sure Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing.
(3) Pronouns, eg. هُوَ اللهُ أَحَدٌ
هُوَ is a detached pronoun = He (Raf' in status)
We put the "is" after the pronoun = He is Allah, One.
(4) Pointers with Ism Nakirah
We put the "IS"/ "ARE" between the pointer and Ism Nakirah after it.
Example = هَذَا كِتابٌ = This is a book
هَذَانِ خَصْمَانِ = These are two arguing groups
If there is a "AL" after the pointer (Ism Ma'rifah), then it is not a sentence,
- This book هَذَا الْكِتَابٌ = this is a Fragment, not a sentence.
Another Example = That is a Nation تِلْكَ أُمَّةٌ
تِلْكَ = That (pointer) - Mubtada'
أُمَّةٌ = Khabar
(5) "Break in the chain"
Look for break in the chain of connected words :-
"Mubtada" and "Khabar" practice.
Mubtada' = The words before the "is / are"
Khabar = The words after the "is / are"
Example = اَلْبَيْتُ الْكَبِيْرُ غَالٌ
The big house is expensive.
اَلْبَيْتُ الْكَبِيْرُ = the big house (not a sentence but a fragment)
"big" is connected to "the house" as they are MauSuf Sifah.
The last word غَالٌ (expensive) is not connected to the other words. Hence in English we put the word "is" in between them.
"The big house is expensive."
اَلْبَيْتُ الْكَبِيْرُ "The big house" = مُبْتَدَأ
غَالٌ "expensive" = خَبَر
The mubtada' is of ism ma'rifah (proper) = اَلْبَيْتُ الْكَبِيْرُ
The khabar is of ism nakirah (common) = غَالٌ
(6) Khabar Jumlah خَبَر جُمْلَة
Consists of Mubtada' (Ism) and a Sentence (Jumlah).
Jumlah can be of type:
(1) Fi'il wa Fa'il (Verb and its Doer)
(2) Jarr wa Majrur (Word that comes after Harfu Jarr)
(3) Zarf (Time and Location)
(1) Khabar Fi'il wa Fa'il (Verb and its Doer)
Eg. التِّلْمِيذُ يَشْرَبُ الْمَاءَ
In Arabic Jumlah Ismiyyah = The pupil, He Drinks water.
التِّلْمِيذُ The pupil = Mubtada
يَشْرَبُ = He drinks = Khabar Jumlah Fi'il wa Fa'il
( This is a Jumlah Fi'liyyah inside a Jumlah Ismiyyah )
الْمَاءَ = the water (Maf'uulun Bihi)
Comparing Jumlah Ismiyyah and Jumlah Fi'liyyah of the same sentence:
Jumlah Ismiyyah = التِّلْمِيذُ يَشْرَبُ الْمَاءَ
= We translate in English: The pupil, He drinks the water
Jumlah Fi'liyyah = يَشْرَبُ التِّلْمِيذُ الْمَاءَ
Drinks the Pupil the water (No mubtada' khabr in Jumlah Fi'liyyah)
= We translate in English: The pupil drinks the water.
(2) Khabar Jarr wa Majrur (Word that comes after Harfu Jarr)
هَذَا لِلهِ
هَذَا = this (pointer)
لِلهِ = for Allah - these two words are connected because they are Harfu Jarr and it's victim.
" This is for Allah"
(3) Khabar Zarf (Time and Location)
مُحَمَّدٌ أَمَامَ الفَصْلِ
Muhammad is in front of the classroom.
مُحَمَّدٌ = Mubtada
أَمَامَ = Zarf makan (location) & Mudhaf
الفَصْلِ = Mudhafun ilaih
Looking for words grouping : Mudhaf, Mudhafun ilaih (word pair)
أَمَامَ الفَصْلِ = in front of the classroom
These two words are connected to each other.
01-Ism > 1.4-Sentence > 1.4(2) Jumlah Ismiyyah >>
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INTRO | 01-Ism | 02-Fi'il | 03-Harf | 04-Sarf | 05-IROB
======= 01 ISM ============================
1.1-Properties | 1.2-Pronouns | 1.3-Fragments | 1.4-Sentence
1.5-Practise | 1.6-Active & Passive | 1.7-Types of Ism
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